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Paper 1Two psychological theories used for explaining behavior be behaviorism and social learning theory. Although the cardinal both deal with behavior, they focus on s come downly unalike components in their efforts to explain why people passage the way they do. Behaviorism and social learning theory have convincing sources of support so there is no well-defined response to which one does a superior job at explaining behavior.Behaviorists believe that development is not tied to biologically determined stages. Development results from organization of existing behaviors. There are two categories of learning classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning focuses on associations linked to involuntary behaviors. Pavlov is the father of modern learning theory. Through his experiment he discovered that an unconditioned stimulus could automatically trigger an involuntary response. For example, a dog was placed in a dark room and a light was turned on. After 30 se conds rough food was placed in the dogs mouth, stimulating the salivation reflex. This procedure was repeated several cadences- each time the presentation of food was paired with the light. After a while the light, which initially has no relationship to salivation, produced the response itself. The dog has been conditioned to respond to the light. In Pavlovs terms, the presentation of food was the unconditioned stimulus. The light was a conditioned stimulus its effect required conditioning. Salivation to the food was called the unconditioned reflex, salivation to the light a conditioned reflex. backside Watson was the founder of behaviorism in the Unites States. He extended classical conditioning by accounting for a greater variety of learning. Watson formulated two ... ...avior, some behaviorists believe physical discipline is an operant technique that gains immediate compliance. However, there are other behaviorists who believe that physical discipline does not teach on how to behave. They believe it is better to reward behaviors that are incompatible with the undesired behaviors. Extinction can be a better alternative in some cases. From a social learning theorist perspective, physical discipline is a model of aggressive behavior that the churl would observe, learn and use. It could cause long term behavioural problems such as the child might use aggression to resolve conflict in their current or future relationships. It is better to explain to the child what she can do and why so the child internalizes rules. Behaviorists believe in using direct reinforcement. However, social learning theorists believe in vicarious reinforcement.

Canterbury Tales Essay: Immorality and the Friar -- Canterbury Tales E

Im righteousity and the Friar in The Canterbury Tales It is a sad commentary on the clergy that, in the Middle Ages, this class that was responsible for morality was often the class most marked by corruption. Few works of the times satirically highlight this phenomenon as well as The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucers General Prologue introduces us to a cast of clergy, or Second Estate folk, who range in nature from pious to corrupt. The Friar debatems to be an excellent example of the corrupt nature of m any(prenominal) low-level clergymen of the times- while his activities were not heretical or heinous, his behavior is certainly not in allow with the selfless moral teachings he is supposed to espouse. According to the Narrators account, he is a snob, corrupted by greed, and acts in very un-Christian ways. It is clear that he is a man of low moral standards. When we are first introduced to the Friar, we are told that he possesses a level of social grace far above hi s ship in life. We are told that in the four begging orders, there is no one as knowledgeable in fair language and sociability as he (lines 210-211, Norton), and that he is a very ceremonious fellow (line 209). This seems out of step with a man who is supposed to make a living by begging, a man who is supposed to go through life without a roof over his head. This level of breeding and affinity for ceremony has likely get along with from an aristocratic birth- often, the younger sons and daughters of nobles who could not be provided for scarcely entered the clergy. This contributed to a large body of clergy members who came to the church not because they felt a divine calling, but simply because that is what was expected of them (his fellow pilgrim, the Prioress, als... ...th money from those who can barely afford bread. This Friars morals are much closer to vice than virtue any doubts that he is a man of low morals are now completely swept away. Chaucers General Prologue is rema rkable in that it allows us to see not only what characters may claim to represent, but also how they really are inside. Chaucers depiction of the Friar, who should be a man of upstanding morality and virtue, makes it readily apparent that he is quite the opposite. The Friars elitist background and behavior, his begging-supported greed, and the vices that oppose true Christianity prove that he is a man of low moral standards. Certainly, Chaucer paints a masterful contrast of image vs. reality. Bibliography The Norton Anthology of English Literature Sixth Edition, Volume 1. M.H. Abrams, et al, Editor. W.W. Norton and Company. New York 1993.

Wars of National Liberation and the End of Colonialism :: essays research papers fc

Wars of National Liberation and the End of ColonialismNational button is a concept that has been justly and unjustly idealized for many generations. Freedom and independence are rights that every person deserves, and, sadly enough, war is often the only mean by which to obtain these basic human needs. Most Americans living today know close to nothing about dictatorships, tyranny and how many people begettert have these rights, which most American people commonly ignore. National liberations are a defensive measure taken by people of a nation against an imperial power who have/are moving in on their nation. Oppressive regimes are generally the cause of a national liberation movement, Vietnam being a perfect example.The Vietnamese people have been struggling for independence from France ever since the First Indochina War, which resulted in a temporary division of Vietnam into northern and southwestwardern sections. Northern Vietnam became controlled by Vietnamese Communists, oppo sing France, whose long term goals involved a unified commie rule of Vietnam. The United States did not favor this plan, in fact, it feared that Communism would gain popularity and eventually spread into all of Southeast Asia, a belief known as the Domino Theory. U.S. troops were sent to South Vietnam to prevent the collapse of the government, but ultimately, this effort failed, and caused the death of 3.2 Vietnamese, 1.5-2 million Lao and Cambodians, and nearly 58,000 Americans.In the beginning of the Vietnam war, the United States troops were only sent in to keep the South Vietnamese government from collapsing, but with the fall of Diem, the new ruler who had deposed Bao Dai, the former emperor, a more active involvement was required of the U.S. So under president Johnson, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was formed, but was proven to be less and less effective against the National Liberation Front, the NLF. The NLF was assumed to be the communist in South Vietnam there fore the US took drastic measures to subdue this group. For instance, In January 1963, 2,000 ARVN encountered a group of 350 NLF soldiers at a village called Ap Bac, south of Saigon in the Mekong River Delta. The U.S. was cold better equipped and prepared, yet the losses suffered by the ARVN were over 20 times that of the NLF. Despite all this evidence, President J.F. Kennedy believed that the ARVN would be effective. Some people theorise it was because the NLF fought with more at stake than just their lives, they were fighting for their families and their nation existence.

research :: essays research papers

History of Computer-important peopleAllen, Paul G. - Co-founder of Microsoft Corp. Allen left the company in 1985 but remained on the board of directors and as founded or financially support several innovative computer ventures, including Asymetrix and Starware Corp. He is involved with a variety of other projects, including a Jimi Hendrix Museum in Seattle.Amdahl, Gene M - South Dakota native who helped material body the IBM 704, the S/360 series. He was the founder of the Amdahl Corp.Andreessen, Marc - Co-founder (at the age of 22) of Netscape Communications, along with Silicon Graphics founder James H. Clark. Before Andreessen graduated from the University of Illinois in Champaign, he had created the NCSA Mosaic model with a team of students and staff at the universitys National Center for Supercomputing Applications.Babbage, Charles (1791-1871) - Eccentric, English mathematician who is considered to fuddle conceptualized the modern computer a century before technology allow it be built. He conceptualized the Difference Engine, a machine that would have computed lengthy scientific tables, but money, labor, and health problems prevented its completion. The Analytical Engine, a more ambitious plan, would have done a wide range of calculating tasks. With it, Babbage recognized the need for an input device, memory, a central processing unit, and an output device, and for this he is known as the Father of Computing.Backus, John W. - Mathematician from Philadelphia who headed the research team at IBM that created FORTRAN, the first machine independent programming language.-important devices/developmentsFloppy impel - The floppy drive is always called "Drive A". A floppy disk can hold 1.5 megabytes of data. Thats about 1,500,000 characters or letters (or about 300,000 words). Thats more than enough space for the text of a large book. Pictures, however, take up a great deal of room. You could only fit a small number of good-quality pictures (or graphic s) on a floppy disk. tight drive - This drive uses disks that are made of aluminium or glass (and therefore heavy). Each disk can store much more learning than either a floppy or CD-ROM. Sometimes, there may be several disks in a hard drive. However, the disks in a normal hard drive can not be removed or replaced. Today, hard drives are measured in gms. Thats one thousand million bytes. 1 gigabyte is about 11/3 CD-ROM disks.Motherboard - Everything inside the computer is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard.

Shakespeares Lady Macbeth -- a Lady? Essays -- Macbeth essays

lady Macbeth -- a lady? -- in Macbeth William Shakespeares Macbeth places a woman in center stage, a woman who embarrasses both woman because of her lack of conscience. This essay attempts to shed light on her character. Blanche Coles states in Shakespeares Four Giants evaluates the character of Lady Macbeth A woman who could speak as Lady Macbeth does, who could call upon the spirits that tend on mortal thoughts to unsex her and fell her from head to foot full of direct cruelty, who could entreat these same spirits to block all avenues of remorse so that no compunctions of conscience will interfere with the carrying out of her purpose, who could call upon the night to wrap itself in the murkiest, gloomiest smoke of hell in order to hide, even from the keen knife she would use, the wound she would make when she herself stabs the sleeping King, such a terrible, frightful woman would not scruple at vocalizing a little wife-to-husband lie to accomplish her purpose. (52) In Eve rybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Lady Macbeth complements her husband Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eves in heaven Lost his is gradual and reluctant, like Adams. She needs only her husbands letter about the weyard sisters prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mothers milk to gall, and darken the world That my keen knife see not the wound it makes (1.5.50) (189) L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeths words and actions Thus the sense of the unnat... ...Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972. Knights, L.C. Macbeth. Shakespeare The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB Uni versity of Nebraska Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http//chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin. Siddons, Sarah. Memoranda Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth. The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK Manchester University Press, 1997. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Hellenistic and Hellenic Interpretation of Popper :: Scientific Theories Science Essays

Hellenistic and Hellenic Interpretation of PopperSir Karl Popper states in his treatise Philosophy of Science a Personal Report asserts that the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability (Popper 23). He claims that a good scientific theory must meet a single requirement its capability of being tested. In former(a) words, a good theory predicts future observations, and the accuracy of the prediction supports or refutes it. If a theory cant be tested then it isnt scientific. While agreeing with Poppers falsifiability criteria, I research his initial assumptions of the nature of science. He suggests that all scientific mind is purely formal and scientific theories are rigorous, numerical and precise. While true for most recent theories, this assumption is not true for ancient scientific theories. Modern science is a product of Hellenistic thought, which evolved from Alexandrine culture. Modern theories, as well as those wh ich stick with the Hellenistic tradition, are characterized by their narrow focus of logic and mathematics -- they explain how something works (Kuhn 104). However, the scientific predecessor of Hellenistic thought, Hellenic science, provided explanations for not solely how something works, but also why it was there. Hellenic theories, by their nature, were loosely constructed in order to explain both observed anomalies and questions of existence. Since Hellenic theories tackle both of these questions, they often cannot be tested (how does a person test the nature of reality?). So Poppers claim of falsifiability cant apply to Hellenic science, as the majority of its theories fail Poppers criteria. Indeed, the foundations of scientific thought are unscientific. His argument eliminates the backbone of scientific thought by the presumption that all science is Hellenistic. Modern science bases itself on Hellenistic thought, so its theories are characterized by quantitative value rather than qualitative thought. Relating the two fields of scientific thought, Kuhn observes that Hellenistic science is less philosophical and more mathematical and numerical, than its Hellenic predecessor (104). Compared to Hellenic thought, the very nature of science changed from speculative and philosophical to precise and mathematical. In fact, the modern scientific method is Hellenistic. But, Hellenistic thought does not address any philosophical implications which arise from scientific theories. Kuhn addresses this dichotic split between philosophy and logic Economy as a purely logical function, and cosmological satisfaction as a purely psychological function, lie at opposite ends of a spectrum (39). Einsteins gravitational theory illustrates modern Hellenistic theory.

Hellenistic and Hellenic Interpretation of Popper :: Scientific Theories Science Essays

classic and Hellenic Interpretation of PopperSir Karl Popper states in his treatise Philosophy of Science a Personal proclaim asserts that the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability (Popper 23). He claims that a good scientific theory must meet a item-by-item requirement its capability of being tested. In other words, a good theory predicts future observations, and the accuracy of the prediction supports or refutes it. If a theory cant be tested then it isnt scientific. While agreeing with Poppers falsifiability criteria, I question his initial assumptions of the nature of acquisition. He suggests that all scientific thought is purely logical and scientific theories are rigorous, mathematical and precise. While true for most modern theories, this assumption is not true for ancient scientific theories. Modern science is a product of Hellenistical thought, which evolved from Alexandrine culture. Modern theories, as we ll as those which follow the Hellenistic tradition, are characterized by their narrow focus of logic and mathematics -- they explain how something works (Kuhn 104). However, the scientific predecessor of Hellenistic thought, Hellenic science, provided explanations for not only how something works, but also why it was there. Hellenic theories, by their nature, were loosely constructed in order to explain two observed anomalies and questions of existence. Since Hellenic theories tackle both of these questions, they often cannot be tested (how does a person test the nature of reality?). So Poppers claim of falsifiability cant admit to Hellenic science, as the majority of its theories fail Poppers criteria. Indeed, the foundations of scientific thought are unscientific. His argument eliminates the backbone of scientific thought by the presumption that all science is Hellenistic. Modern science bases itself on Hellenistic thought, so its theories are characterized by quantitative value rather than qualitative thought. Relating the two fields of scientific thought, Kuhn observes that Hellenistic science is less philosophical and more mathematical and numerical, than its Hellenic predecessor (104). Compared to Hellenic thought, the very nature of science changed from speculative and philosophical to precise and mathematical. In fact, the modern scientific method is Hellenistic. But, Hellenistic thought does not address any philosophical implications which arise from scientific theories. Kuhn addresses this dichotic split between philosophy and logic Economy as a purely logical function, and cosmological satisfaction as a purely psychological function, lie at opposite ends of a spectrum (39). Einsteins gravitational theory illustrates modern Hellenistic theory.

Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide

Durkheim wrote in the 1890s and was one of the first sociologists right at the forefront of establishing and delimitate sociology as a scientific discipline. Durkheim argued that it was not only possible to apply scientific principles to cordial phenomena but that it was essential to do so in erect to produce useful sociology. His 1897 book self-destruction a study in sociology uses his scientific methods to explore suicide. Durkheim chooses suicide deliberately, because as the most case-by-case, private and psychologically dictated act it was considered by most not to be a social phenomenon.If sociology could identify social factors and causes of suicide, this would demonstrate the power and impact of rules of order on individual behaviour. So in Durkheims view he believes our behaviour is ca apply by social facts and they are said to be external from the individual, constrain individuals and be greater than the individuals. After Durkheims analysis of semiofficial statistic s on suicide it revealed some social groups are more give carely to commit suicide than others. For Durkheim, the social patterns of suicide he discovered is not a random individual act but as stated by Lukes social factors play a key role.Durkheims acidulate showed a correlation between suicide and social facts like suicide rates were higher in predominantly Protestant countries than in catholic ones, Jews were the religious group with the lowest suicide rate, married pile were less likely to commit suicide and those with higher education had a higher suicide rate. Durkheim said different forms of suicide related to how a great deal integration and regulation at that place was in club and this would provide us with a fourfold typology. The term social integration means socialisation into the norms, values and lifestyles of social groups and society.Regulation meaning the control that society and social groups has over an individuals behaviour. With these two factors Durkheim brings upon egoistic suicide not enough integration. The individual isnt successfully integrated into groups or society, anomic not enough regulation society has insufficient control over individuals, altruistic too much integration an over integrated individual sacrifices their life for the group and fatalistic too much regulation the individual is too highly controlled by society. Durkheims work can also be applied into type of society.As Durkheim states modern societies and traditional society differ from one and other in their levels of integration and regulation. Durkheim discovers that modern industrial societies have lower levels of integration due to lack of freedom this weakens bonds and give stand up to egoistic suicide. Whilst, traditional pre-industrial societies have higher levels of integration as the group is more important than the individual and this gives rise to altruistic suicide. Durkheim has been criticised by other cocksure sociologist.Halbwachs largely supp orted Durkheims conclusion but pointed out that the impact of rural versus urban lifestyles on suicide rates hadnt been considered. Also, Gibbs and Martin argued that Durkheim hadnt used vigorous enough scientific methods even though hed stressed how important they were. The key concepts of integration and regulation werent defined most enough to be measured statistically. Gibbs and Martin query how anyone can know how anyone can know what normal levels of integration and regulation are.Interpretivist sociologists have devised alternative theories of suicide they imagine social reality is not a series of social facts for sociologists to discover, but a series of different meanings and interpretations that each person brings to and takes from each situation. Durkheims work is fatally flawed from this perspective because he relies on the unquestioning use of official statistics. According to interpretivists, statistics are not fact they are a social construction based on the definit ion of the people who compile them.Douglas takes an Interactionist approach to suicide and he is interested in the meaning that suicide has for the deceased, and the way that coroners check off death as suicides. He criticises Durkheims study of suicide on two main grounds. One of them being the use of suicide statistics because the decision to assort death as a suicide is taken by a coroner and this may produce bias in verdicts reached. So Douglas feels these are the patterns Durkheim install and that well integrated have friends and relatives who may deny death and this explains their low level of suicide.So Durkheim indicates that suicide verdicts and statistics are based on interactions and negotiations between those involved like friends, doctors and police as they may affect death being labelled as a suicide, rather than it actually being one. Thats why people feel integration plays no dividends. Douglas second point criticises Durkheim for ignoring the meanings of the act for those who kill themselves and for assuming that suicide has a fixed or constant meaning.Douglas backs this up as he notes the cultural differences by Japanese samurai warrior who kill themselves because they have been dishonoured by western society. Douglas also states that we need to categorise suicides according to their social meanings because the triggers and response to suicide are different in different cultures. These social meanings consist of transformation of the soul, transformation of the self, achieving sympathy and achieving revenge.Douglas can be criticised, as he is inconsistent, sometimes suggesting that official statistics are merely the product of coroners opinions. At other times, he claims we really can discover the cause of suicide-yet how can we, if we can never know whether a death was a suicide and all we have is coroners opinions? Douglas also produces a classification of suicide based on the supposed meanings for the actors. However, there is no reason to believe that sociologists are any better than coroners at interpreting dead persons meanings.

Nonverbal: Woman and Victoria Essay

All types of communication interaction involve two major components in terms of how people ar perceived verbal, and nonverbal. These cues much(prenominal) as facial expressions, posture, verbal intonations, and other body gestures accompany our words in order to create a clear message. Every person is perpetually communicating rase when they argon not saying a word, thus, it is possible to organise an exclusively non verbal message but it is not possible to send an exclusively verbal message.Nonverbal cues in the interaction atomic number 18 always more powerful indicators of what a speaker means and what the speaker feels because non verbal cues agree not been learned and therefore atomic number 18 not small-armipulated. In the movie Victor Victoria, nonverbal cues be used to emphasize the gender of characters. There are certain nonverbal cues that accentuates a adult female. One lawsuit from the movie is Victorias long hair. Long hair in the 1930s was how a woman was id entified. Toddy cuts Victorias long hair to create the illusion that she is man.Along with a womans long hair, their breast were also a symbol of womanhood. Victoria is asked to wrap her breast as well as walk with her chest sticking come forth to emphasize that she is man, because walking with their chest out was a mans way of showing confidence. In a pictorial matter in the movie Victor is going to say cheers before drinking and he is laughed at because traditionally women are the ones that cheer before drinking. Another gender based nonverbal cue is in the nightclub, during performances the women dance and the men are in the orchestra.It was normal for the women to be dancers in that era because a woman is built a lot more flexible so manipulating their bodies is easier although there are exceptions. A characteristic that separates men and women is pride. Although I am not saying women do not have pride, men are willing to go above and beyond to protect their pride an example of this is when Toddy accepts the ride back to their hotel even though in reality they were not staying in a go for hotel. Victoria tries to deny the ride in order for their lie not be discovered. Toddy accepts the ride to show off that theyre wealthy even if they are not.This scene in my eyes is one of the great barriers that distinguishes men and women. In addition to the things that accentuates a woman, there also exist the things that accentuates a man. For example the way men greet each other. I man address another man would simply shake hands, but a man greeting a woman would kiss her hand. There is also the nonverbal cues of what a gay man should look like. In this movie we have the bodyguard, and the boxer who are two gay men but King Marchand refuses to admit it due to the nonverbal cue that they are both strong men.Also, when the gangsters think that King Marchand they provide to get rid of him by paying him off because gangsters cant be seen as gay because they are usu ally strong feared men. Nonverbal cues are used in this movie to emphasize the socio-economic class of the characters. In the opening scene of the movie we see Victoria singing, we automatically know she is poor by the clothes she is wearing. She has a broken glove, and no fancy jewelry. This nonverbal cue was intended to demonstrate that she is a struggling singer. In a later scene we see Victoria walk by a restaurant and see a fat man enjoying a large variety of pastries.The size of the man is knowledgeable and is what lets the audience know that he is wealthy because he obviously eats a lot of pastries which only a complete man could afford in this time period. Overall I must say that nonverbal cues account for most of the perceptions of things that we have. In this movie the nonverbal cues move a large part in demonstrating to the audience who these characters are. Whether the nonverbal cue represents gender of economic level, it is safe to say that the nonverbal cues are all intentional created to create a clearer message throughout this movie.

Rhetorical Analysis Stev Jobs Commencemnent Speech Essay

Throughout this pitch, Steve production lines successfully convinces the multicultural graduate population at the Stanford University Commencement to be preeminent in breeding and to pursue their passions by relaying three component partl stories in a symmetrical structure that enables pathos to be clearly developed. In virtually of todays arguments, facts ar habituated to support a claim that is being made by someone how incessantly, in Steve Jobs oral communication, he presents only his individualised opinion and a little a bit of history as evidence. Even though this is all he has to offer to his interview, it creates rhetorical backing in his ethos. Through his stories, he creates a persona for himself.He makes himself seem like a person who carried on even in his darkest of times and alike someone who had overcome the many obstacles he confront and when things did not look so dandy. musical composition trying to teach the hearing that failure can sometimes be right, these are important pieces of the persona that he will establish finishedout his lecturing. He is k nown as a successful man and role model to many people in the world. While he develops this persona, it allows him to make a connection with his audience on a level way beyond what he expects. Jobs breaks it down into stories, but what he very wants the audience to see is that his feel went okay, and then things took a wrong turn, and then everything began to brighten up and get a lot better. Things were better than he ever would have imagined. Throughout his speech, the ups and downs are repeated patterns that he conveys in his stories and also in his life.Ive neer graduated from college. Truth be told this is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation, is what Steve Jobs confesses immediately subsequently he begins his speech to the graduating class of Stanford University. You would think that for a college graduation commencement, you would want someone who could rel ate educationally to the audience to send the graduates off, but on this day Steve Jobs was not that person. He did not fit the norm of being a college graduate. After he makes a disceptation on how he never actually graduated from college, he strongly compliments his audience, telling them how honored he is to be able to give this speech to one of the finest universities in the world.He reels the audience in by telling them that he never graduated college which gives the graduates a sense of accomplishment. Jobs however, only completed six-spot months of school at Reeds College. Before this time, he was very unsure if furthering hiscollege career would better his future in any way. But coincidentally, he decided to stick around and take classes that he thought were interesting for another eighteen months. Throughout his speech, he lots his difference experiences with the audience, and they all seem to share a very common theme. This theme being the pursuit of happiness. Jobs eff ectively connects with the audience by saying this and using pathos. He communicates this message by using ca function and effect analysis, contrast, and personal anecdotes.In his first short story, Steve Jobs tells the audience Again, you cannot connect the dots looking forward you can only connect them looking backwards. In this story, Jobs does a magnificent job when using his rhetorical methods. He uses anaphora, pathos, and apostrophe by repeating the phrase connecting the dots throughout his story. He elicits pathos from the audience when he discusses his puerility and being adopted. This technique he uses gives the story a great meaning, and it also allows the audience to defer meaningful application. Even though his biological parents could not come through for him and raise him the way they wanted to on their own, they did however let a well-educated family that could provide for him, so that he would be an educated young man. He tells them how seventeen years later he m akes the ratiocination to go to college, then humorously says how he felt that he wasted all of his parents savings sightly to be in school for such a short time. His inclusion of such an ablaze and impecunious background as a child natural to a young woman out-of-wedlock, turn outs that even the most underprivileged students lives can reach success. He ends his story by giving the graduates a piece of advice that transitioned dead with the next story he tells. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something. Your gut, destiny, life, and karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.I didnt have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms, I returned coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one beside(a) meal a week at the Hare Krishna Temple, Jobs explains to his audienc e. Here he gets into the lows of life and how it wasnt all peaches and creamfor him when he dropped out. The personal experiences in his speech help to create and develop his individuality. He uses pathos to get the audience to understand he had nowhere to sleep, barely had food and money, and only got one untroubled meal a week. I am sure to the audience it may have seemed somewhat strange and out of the ordinary for him to be mentioning such a stage in his life that would that would imply he lived the life of a vagabond. That is how Jobs would pull in the audience by telling such a despicable story. It just shows that even the most successful people could come from the slums and become something just by living out their dreams.As Jobs gets further along into his speech he starts off a sentence saying, If I never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dro pped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Jobs talks to his audience about how at this time in his life, he stock-still really never had an idea about how the things he had conditioned would factor into his life. Here he uses logos as inductive reasoning. While being in the calligraphy classes, Jobs talks about the different types of fonts that he learned about and also how he learned the history behind them as well. He uses the Rule of 3 as his rhetoric device here. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great (Jobs).With emotions and Im sure a heavy essence, Jobs says to the graduates I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. Here, Job evokes pathos and ethos from the audience. He uses pathos when explaining how he and a friend of his took this garage project and transformed it into a two billion dollar company .that now has 4,000 people working for it. He appeals to the audiences emotions when he tells them about his fall from his very own business and the Apple Board of Directors grace. After the electrical outlet of the first Macintosh, he was fired from his company because his position as the CEO of Apple was terminated, and he tells how devastated he was by this. The focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating (Jobs).He states his beliefs in such a blunt manner that everyone in attendance of this commencement is confident to understand and relate to what he went through and felt. The heart knows where to go and what to do is what he tells these Stanford graduates and the most important thing he needed his audience to do was to follow their intuition and their feelings. ..Turned out that acquire fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened t o me (Jobs). In the next five years after he was fired from his company Apple, his originative thoughts began to conjure and he started two new companies NeXT and Pixar. Pixar became one of the most world renowned animation studios. But he did not stop there, after creating Pixar he created the first animation movie Toy Story. This movie is a widely known success amongst many ages and generations of children and adults today. Also during this time he met the dearest of his life, I fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife Laurene and I have a beautiful family together (Jobs). He barely again uses pathos with the audience to show how even though he was going through a bad time in his life, he still was able to find his true love, and I am sure by them finding each other, this pushed him to do greater things.Ironically, Apple bought NeXT, and it is the heart of Apples current renaissance. Steve Jobs ends this short story with yet another inspirational quote for h is audience. He tells them Sometimes lifes going to hit you in the idea with a brick. Dont lose faith. Im convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Youve got to find what you love. His success shows that the adversity makes the students and himself better and stronger than anything that they will ever face. Jobs description of his journey after being fired makes him an example of hard work as a precursor to success. My third story is about death. The phrase is short, simple, elegant, and quite frankly to the point. It shows his form of this story. His short and simple way of speaking portrays honesty and builds the logos of his commencement. By making this simple statement to his audience About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancerthis was certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, Jobs makes a personal and emotional connection with his audience. Seeing that there are possibly some audience members who have gone through the same thing as he o r have experienced the same thing with someone else. Here, Jobs is using pathos to tap into the audiences feelings ofsympathy.He then develops his ethos with the audience and then explains that he has faced adversity in the form of sickness as well as other things. He comes off as a strong man who has conquered his challenges. This was proof of his strength and what he endured. Your time is limited so dont waste it living someone elses life. Jobs uses his near death experience story as a way to inform the Stanford graduates that life is too short. He uses pathos here as well when he is talking about the audience following their hearts. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know how to avoid the trap of view you have something to lose. You are al larny naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. Jobs is stating that the consequences of these many graduates not living to the best of their ability after graduation, are much greater than if they did when follo wing their real passions. Even people who want to go to heaven do not want to die in differentiate to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. Here it shows Jobs philosophical take on death. Having experienced such a traumatic thing in his life it recreated his personal status on it. Being diagnosed with cancer and seeing his life change right before his eyes made him change the life around him.He made the best of his time, and now he is telling the graduates to do the same thing. He uses very candidly and sagacious words to show his audience (the graduates) that eventually they will die so now is the time to live it up and live it to the fullest with the time that they have left. The most important decision Jobs tells them they can make right now is to find whatever it is they love and to pursue it to the best of their ability whenever the time comes to do so. If the graduates follow their passions and do what their heart and mind lead them to do, their lives will be very sufficient and excellent in every way possible. By making these statements to his audience, he acquires warrant. Warrant is the rhetorical device that makes his speech such an advantageous one. The relationship he creates between his audience and himself is a parallel experience. Through his straightforward statements, words, and visible proof he encourages the audience of graduates that success is attainable when you follow your passions and desires. They have to live without regrets. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish (Jobs). Jobs defines his hardship when he relates to that quote. Here he yet again uses pathos of a childhood memory of a quote in a magazine to connect with his audience.Thisis the cash in ones chips thing that Jobs wants to leave with the graduates as he comes to a close in his commencement speech. He explains to them about a magazine that he use to read as a child. As he describes it When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalo g, which was one of the bibles of my generation. Jobs begins to tell them the meaning that this magazine and quote was to him, he explicitly tells them about the last issue they ever made and the impact it would stamp on him for the rest of his life. Here he gives them a mental visual of the last issue. He goes into distributor point about how the picture on the back of the magazine had an early country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous (Jobs). Beneath it read the words Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. He gives this sense of ethos when he describes this to them. Jobs masterfully directs his audiences minds to always be curious and to stay more importantly humble, so they will follow their hearts and love the life that is ahead of them.Steve Jobs Commencement Speech at Stanford University is considered a very effective speech because of his use of the rhetorical devices. He uses many of them such as pathos, ethos, logos, apostrophe, and many others. His use of rhetorical approaches is not the one and only thing that makes his speech one of the most successful ones. Jobs was able to relate successfully to the audience and was also able to relax them with his humor and laid-back grace and comments about his very own personal stories and life. By the end of the speech, Jobs connected very well with his audience, and they also had a better appreciation for who Steve Jobs was and who Steve Jobs was still becoming. Jobs use of structural repetition and his connection of emotional anecdotes encourages the audience (Stanford Graduates) to pursue their dreams and passions.His methodology as an orator throughout the time he sets up his ethos, logos, and pathos of his advice are subtle. Jobs pathos adds to this heart-wrenching rhetoric. In addition, he also uses his three emotionally charged stories to show his high character and qualified eligibility to be giving the graduates advice about their lives and how they should never s econd guess anything that they do. The words he chooses are just elegant and simple and portray honesty, as well as intellectualism. But most importantly Jobs leaves these many graduates off with these short, simple and supporting words. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.Works CitedJobs, Steve. Commencement Address at Stanford University. Graduation. Stanford University Auditorium, Palo Alto. 12 June 2005. Speech.

How Technology Has Change Our Lives Essay

Throughout the years technology is in constantly changing. Its to the highest degree impossible just to pretend how different the technology was. I noticed how rapidly the technology change in our classrooms. For example, a video recorder or a side projector is almost obsolete now in days. We can now rely on most efficient technology. There are some good sides to this, for example we are no longer held captive by the prime- cartridge clip schedules of a handful of networks. Now, with cable, internet and DVRs, we dont have to wait for our favorite shows. Now we can go back and watch an entire seasons that we may have missed the first time around Social media has been for me the most important change because, we depend on them as a way of communicate nowadays.Websites like twitter and Facebook have given birth to the new concept of affable media marketing. From chat rooms, Messenger, Myspace and social date has changed the way we are communicating, Instead of sending letters to re spective destinations, it is very easy to send an email which will be received instantly. Along with these social sites, the way that people put themselves in the internet has now more impact in others than it did ten years ago.I think we underestimate the source of social media. Now days whatever you put on any social site is for the entire world, and is likely to be for a long time in the future. Family, friends, new bosses and co-workers, potential clients and business partners, prospective love interests theyre all checking you out. How you present yourself in the province of social media can change your disembodied spirit in ways you never thought possible for better and for worse.Read moreTechnology Changed Our Lives

Supreme Court of the United States and Reasonable Accommodation

35-1Discuss fully whether whatever of the liveing actions would constitute a impingement of Title VII of the 1964 civil Rights minute, as amended. 1. Tennington, Inc. is a consulting firm and has ten employees. These employees travel on consulting jobs in seven states. Tennington has an employment record of hiring provided white males. 2. Novo Films, Inc. is making a painting about Africa and needs to employ approximately unrivaled hundred extras for this picture. To hire these extras, Novo advertises in all(prenominal) major newspapers in Southern California.The ad states that only African Americans need apply. In depth it is a bit different. If Tennington, Inc is approached by more highly qualified white males than former(a) genders, races, etc then no violation has been committed. If not then it is likely a violation. The film industry is perfectly capable of using paper on new(prenominal) races to make them suppose African. In either case it makes sense that a film about Africa should put on people who look like Africans. Films about the civil war generally look for actors who look like Lincoln, etc *tangent* historically in the music and theater industry on that point used to be white face and black face, of the cardinal only white face really still exists in the form of mimes) All in all this is a bit of fact mixed with opinion, and Im not in any way a Business Law expert. Hopefully all people are experts in angiotensin converting enzyme sense or the early(a)wise on Ethics though 35-2Chinawa, a major processor of cheese s middle-aged throughout the United States, employs one hundred workers at its principal touch plant.The plant is located in Heartland Corners, which has a population that is 50 percent white and 25 percent African American, with the balance Hispanic American, Asian American, and others. Chinawa requires a high school diploma as a condition of employment for its cleaning crew. Three-fourths of the white population com plete high school, compared with only one-quarter of those in the minority groups. Chinawa has an all-white cleaning crew. Has Chinawa violated Title VII of the polished Rights Act of 1964? Explain.Educational fates can be legally inspectd providing the educational requirement is straight off related to, and necessary for, performance of the job. The requirement of a high school diploma is not a direct, job-related requirement in this case. Chinawa obviously comes low the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII, as amended, and the educational requirement under the circumstances is definitely discriminatory against minorities. 35-3 PGA Tour, Inc. , sponsors professional play ecstasynaments. A player may enter in several(prenominal) ways, but the most common method is to successfully compete in a three-st long time qualifying tournament known as the Q-School. Anyone may enter the Q-School by submitting two letters of recommendation and paying $3,000 to cover greens fees and the exi st of a golf pushcart, which is permitted during the first two stages but is prohibited during the third stage. The rules giving medication the events include the Rules of Golf, which apply at all levels of amateur and professional golf and do not prohibit the use of golf carts, and the hard card,which applies specifically to the PGA tour and requires the players to walk the course during most of a tournament.Casey Martin is a talented golfer with a degenerative circulatory disorder that prevents him from walking golf courses. Martin entered the Q-School and asked for permission to use a cart during the third stage. PGA refused. Martin filed a suit in a federal district lawfulnesscourt against PGA, alleging a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Is a golf cart in these circumstances a reasonable accommodation under the ADA? Why or why not? Yes, a golf cart is a reasonable accommodation for a talented golfer who suffers from a disability that prevents him from b eing able to walk the entire golf course.To qualify on a claim under the ADA, Martin must show that he had a disability, was otherwise qualified for the PGA golf tournament, and was excluded from the tournament solely because of his disability. Here, Martin suffers from a degenerative circulatory disorder, was otherwise qualified to play golf in the tournament, but was excluded because his disability made him unable to walk the course. Allowing Martin to use a golf cart in these circumstances would be a reasonable accommodation. The court ordered PGA to permit Martin to use a cart. PGA appealed to the U. S.Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed the order of the lower court. PGA appealed to the United States imperative Court, which affirmed the lower courts decision, ruling that a golf cart is a reasonable accommodation for a disabled athlete. PGA argued that making an riddance to its walking rule would ingrainedly alter the sport of golf. The Supreme Court disa greed, stating that the use of a cart is not inconsistent with the fundamental character of the game of golf, PGAs tours, or the third stage of the Q-School. Golf is defined by shot-making, not by walking.The Court explained that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is applied case by case. In other words, the needs of a disabled person are evaluated on an individual basis. Thus, in this case, even if petitioners factual predicate is accepted, its legal position is fatally flawed because its refusal to consider Martins personal circumstances in deciding whether to accommodate his disability runs counter to the ADAs requirement that an individualized inquiry be conducted. 35-4 The United Auto Workers (UAW) is the union that represents the employees of General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc.In 1997, a collective bargaining agreement between UAW and General Dynamics eliminated the unions obligation to provide health insurance to employees who retired after the date of the agreement , except for current workers at least fifty years of age. Dennis Cline and 194 other employees over the age of forty but under age fifty objected to this term. They complained to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, claiming that the agreement violated the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967. The ADEA forbids discriminatory preference for the young over the old. Does the ADEA excessively prohibit favoring the old over the young?How should the court rule? Explain. The ADEA did also needed to prohibit favoring the old over the young. The ADEA should not only forbids discriminatory preference for the young over the old but should also forbids discriminatory preference for the old over the young. beneficial because the young are least likely to be using or needing health insurance they also need to be covered due to them also being human and they might as well need it due to health problems they might suffer accidently, airborne, and/or genetic. 35-5 Kimberly Cloutier began working at the Costco store in West Springfield, Massachusetts, in July 1997.Cloutier had multiple earrings and four tattoos, but no nervus facialis piercings. In June 1998, Costco promoted Cloutier to cashier. Over the next two years, she engaged in various forms of organic structure modification, including facial piercing and cutting. In March 2001, Costco revised its dress ordinance to prohibit all facial jewellery except earrings. Cloutier was told that she would have to remove her facial jewelry. She asked for a complete exemption from the code, asserting that she was a member of the Church of Body Modification and that eyebrow piercing was part of her religion. She was told to remove the jewelry, cover it, or go home.She went home and was later discharged for her absence. Cloutier filed a suit in a federal district court against Costco, alleging religious dissimilarity in violation of Title VII. Does an employer have an obligation to accommodate its employee s religious practices? If so, to what extent? How should the court rule in this case? Discuss. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, an employer must offer a reasonable accommodation to resolve a conflict between an employees sincere religious belief and a condition of employment, unless much(prenominal) an accommodation would work an undue hardship for the employers business.An accommodation constitutes an undue hardship if it imposes more than a minimal cost on an employer. The only accommodation that Cloutier considered reasonable was a complete exemption from the no-facial-jewelry policy. This could be construed to impose an undue hardship on Costco. The companys dress code could be based on the belief that employees reflect on their employers, especially employees who regularly interact with customers, as Cloutier did in her cashier localize. Thus, Cloutiers facial jewelry could have affected Costcos public image.Under this reasoning and in much(prenominal) a situation, an employer has no obligation to offer an accommodation before taking other action. The court should issue a judgment in Costcos favor. 35-6 For twenty years, Darlene Jespersen worked as a bartender at Harrahs Casino in Reno,Nevada. In 2000,Harrahs implemented a Personal Best program that included new grooming standards. Among other requirements, women were told to wear war paint applied neatly in complimentary colors. Jespersen, who never wore makeup off the job, felt so uncomfortable wearing it on the job hat it interfered with her ability to perform. Unwilling to wear makeup and not qualifying for other position at Harrahs with similar compensation, Jespersen quit the casino. She filed a suit in a federal district court against Harrahs Operating Co. , the casinos owner, alleging that the makeup policy discriminated against women in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Harrahs argued that any burdens under the new program fell equally on both genders, citing the Personal Best short-hair standard that applied only to men.Jespersen responded by describing her personal reaction to the makeup policy and emphasizing her exemplary record during her tenure at Harrahs. In whose favor should the court rule? Why? The court granted a compendious judgment to Harrahs. Jespersen appealed to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed the lower courts judgment. The appellate court acknowledged that Jespersen was effectively terminated for failing to comply with the makeup requirement and agreed that appearance standards, including makeup requirements, may well be the subject of a Title VII claim for sexual stereotyping. In this case, until now, at that place was no evidence to establish that complying with the Personal Best standards caused burdens to fall unequally on men or women, and there is no evidence to suggest Harrahs pauperism was to stereotype the women bartenders. Some standards applied to members of both sexes, s ome only to men, and some including the makeup policy only to women. The only evidence in the record to place up adept the stereotyping claim is Jespersens own subjective reaction to the makeup requirement. We respect Jespersens resolve to be true to herself and to the image that she wishes to project to the world.We cannot agree, however, that her objection to the makeup requirement, without more, can tug out rise to a claim of sex stereotyping under Title VII. If we were to do so, we would come perilously close to holding that every grooming, apparel, or appearance requirement that an individual finds personally offensive, or in conflict with his or her own self-image, can create a triable issue of sex discrimination. 35-7 Cerebral palsy limits Steven Bradleys use of his legs. He uses forearm crutches for short-distance walks and a wheelchair for longer distances. Standing for more than ten or fifteen minutes is difficult.With support, however, Bradley can climb stairs and get on and off a stool. His condition also restricts the use of his fourth finger to, for example, type, but it does not limit his ability to writehe consummate two years of college. His grip strength is normal, and he can lift heavy objects. In 2001, Bradley applied for a greeter or cashier position at a Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , Supercenter in Richmond, Missouri. The job descriptions stated, No experience or qualification is required. Bradley indicated that he was available for full- or part time work from 400 P.M. to 1000 P. M. any evening. His employment history showed that he currently worked as a proofreader and that he had previously worked as an administrator. His application was rejected, according to Janet Daugherty, the forcefulness manager, based on his work history and the direct threat that he posed to the safety of himself and others. Bradley claimed, however, that the store refused to hire him due to his disability. What steps must Bradley follow to pursue his claim? W hat does he need to show to prevail? Is he likely to meet these requirements? Discuss.As per the law an employer is legally liable for discrimination against people with disabilities if as an employer he falls under these criterias private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, labor organizations, and labor-management committees. The part of the ADA enforced by the EEOC outlaws job discrimination by all employers, including State and local government employers, with 25 or more employees after July 26, 1992, and All employers, including State and local government employers, with 15 or more employees after July 26, 1994. Another part of the ADA, enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice, prohibits discrimination in State and local government programs and activities, including discrimination by all State and local governments, regardless of the number of employees, after January 26, 1992. To be protected under the ADA, you must have a record of, or be regarded a s having a substantial, as opposed to a minor, impairment. A substantial impairment is one that significantly limits or restricts a major life activity such as hearing, seeing, speaking, walking, breathing, and acting manual tasks, caring for oneself, learning or working.If you have a disability, you must also be qualified to perform the essential functions or duties of a job, with or without reasonable accommodation, in order to be protected from job discrimination by the ADA. This means two things. First, you must satisfy the employers requirements for the job, such as education, employment experience, skills or licenses. Second, you must be able to perform the essential functions of the job with or without reasonable accommodation. Essential functions are the fundamental job duties that you must be able to perform on your own or with the help of a reasonable accommodation.An employer cannot refuse to hire you because your disability prevents you from performing duties that are n ot essential to the job. The crux of the matter is whether there is such a thing as a right to a job. Obviously there isnt. The only right here, which is violated by the federal agencies, is the one of the owner of the establishment. The right to ones property, a right protected by the constitution, which implies that one is free to hire whomever one wishes to and for whatever reason suits ones fancy.While refusing admission or a job because of someones race, gender, nationality or any reason other than lacking the required qualification and experience for the job may be foolish but one has the right to run ones own business foolishly if one wishes to. There is no right such as the right to a job, right to health care, right to education, etc. A right implies something one has by the virtue of being a human being, not a go to be provided or exchanges with another human being. If one has the right to demand an exchange of services, not via mutual agreement but by force then thats sl avery for the other person.One has the right to ones property and dispose of it as one wishes to. As long as no one forces the parties involved to deal with each other, no ones rights are violated. Not real ones at least. One can imagine several non existing rights and cry foul play, however that wont hold ground constitutionally and reasonably. Hotels, clubs and several other organizations exercise this right however some businesses are DISCRIMINATED against by the federal governance and held liable for what is their right. At best Wal-Mart can be accused of foolish business practices, nothing more.It is shocking that the courts completely disregard the basic tenets of the constitution. If something requires a service to be provided to me by someone else then it can not be a right. An exchange of services requires mutual agreement. The only thing required as far as the rights are concerned is that people dont violate yours. Again this is the case of the government preaching morali ty, which isnt the business of a government. Interestingly why has the federal government limited the application of discrimination statutes to firms with a specified number of employees, such as fifteen or twenty?Shouldnt these laws apply to all employers, regardless of size? The federal government limits the application of discrimination to firms with 15 or 20 employees because an organization under the law is responsible for providing reasonable accommodation. The ADA does not, however, require an employer to lower its product or performance standards to accommodate a disabled employee. If a particular accommodation would impose an undue hardship such as a major financial strain on a company a business owner must first try to find another way to comply.If a small business cannot afford to install a wheelchair ramp, for example, it might offer to split the cost with the employee. In extreme cases, however, undue hardship can exempt you from ADA regulations on a case-by-case basi s. If rights were indeed violated then the size of the company shouldnt matter at all. Whether an individual steals a single dollar or millions, its thievery, it is a violation of someones right to their property. Just because a poor person steals doesnt make it alright.The punishment ought to befit the crime however that is a separate issue. The federal agencies can not discriminate and create rights that do not exist and then cherry pick the people it will hold liable for the violation of these supposed rights. The fact that this is unconstitutional and not enough people are outraged is a reflection of the extent to which the left has infested the mind of most people. Only in soviet Russia the need of a person is justification enough for the violation of someones rights.

Social-Ecological Model Theory

A appearance I would like to modify or change would be the sexual natural action of todays youth. Focusing more on using protection, being safe, or abstinence if possible. We know that if you arent careful and using protection it is precise easy to attain a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or a sexually transmitted disease (STD). I would use the social-ecological model surmise to accomplish a prevention and promotional change in behaviors. The social-ecological model provides a framework for understanding the different influences and their relationships to one another.In the social-ecological model surmisal there are different stages or trains to your prevention or promotional program. The five stages or levels are Individual, Relationship, fellowship, Societal, and Policy. Individual would be intrapersonal. Relationship would be interpersonal. Community would have institutional factors. Societal would have community factors. And Policy would local, state, and national law s and policies that contribute to the prevention of your program.The first level of the social-ecological model (SEM) system is Individual or intrapersonal stage. It represents the someone who might be affected by a sexually transmitted infection. And the sexual prevention program aims to increase the individuals knowledge and influence his or her attitudes. You do so by providing, the need for STD testing, the intention to be tested, the risks and benefits of being tested, and access to affordable and convenient STD testing, diagnosis, and treatment. Centers for malady Control and Prevention, 2009) The second level of the SEM behavior theory is Relationship or interpersonal level. It represents STD prevention activities implemented at the interpersonal level. These activities are intended to facilitate individual behavior change by affecting social and cultural norms and overcoming individual-level barriers. Friends, family, health care providers, community health workers or pro moters, and patient navigators represent latent sources of interpersonal messages and support.Activities included are providers do STD testing recommendations to their patients, patients receiving reminders about the need of regular STD testing, patient navigators helping to remove logistical and other barriers to screening. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) The third level of the SEM behavior theory is Community which has institutional factors. It represents STD prevention activities implemented at the organization level. These activities are intended to facilitate individual behavior change by influencing organizational systems and policies.wellness care systems, employers or worksites, health care plans, local health departments, tribal urban health clinics, and professional organizations represent potential sources of organizational messages and support. At this level you would promote the use of client and provider reminder systems, provide provider assessmen t and feedback on their performance, encourage the coverage and expansion of benefits for screening, adopt worksite policies that support deterrent care. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) The fourth level of the SEM theory is Societal which has community factors. It represents STD prevention activities implemented at the community level. These activities are intended to facilitate individual behavior change by leveraging resources and participation of society-level institutions such as comprehensive abstinence coalitions, tribal health departments, media, and community advocacy groups, which represent potential sources of societal communication and support.Several interventions appropriate for this level, includes working with coalitions and collaborates to promote STD testing and expand resources, conducting public awareness and educational campaigns, collaborating with tribal health departments to expand STD screening. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) The final level is Policy. It represents STD prevention activities at the policy level. These activities involve interpreting and implementing existing policy. Federal, state, local, and tribal government agencies may support policies that promote sanguine behavior, including screening.Some examples include collaborating with coalitions to communicate policy decisions to the public (i. g. insurance mandates for STD testing), and translating local policies for community members (i. g. proclamation of a STD prevention awareness month). (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) plant life Cited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009, September 9). The Social-Ecological Model A Framework for Prevention. Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs. (2012, November 16). The Social Ecological Model. Olympia, Washington, United States.

Bbarfree

The results of these investigations help to even beyond common sense knowledge and individual experience to understanding larger complex sociable issues and processes. This by nature allow introduce students to the various sociological look into methods used to explore diverse societal processes, as well as methods of inquiry, strategies and tools used by social researchers. Students will also be introduced to the philosophic foundations of research methods and the practical, theoretical and ethical concerns for conducting both quantitative and qualitative social research.Course Objectives By the end of the course, students will be able to understand . The foundations of sociological research b. Various methods used in sociological research c. How data is collected and interpreted to form theoretical arguments d. The steps involved in designing a sociological research project Required Readings 1 . Research Methods Exploring the Social World First random variable by Diane Cymbal s. A hardcopy of the textbook or an e-book option is available for purchase at the Brock Campus Store. 2. There may be additional seminar seeings available on Assai.These bringings will be identified on the seminar schedule post Assai. Course Evaluation 1. In class test 1 (Cot 2, material covered from Septet 11 to Septet 25) 25% 2. In class test 2 (Novo 6, material covered from Cot 9 to Cot 30) 25% 3. Written Assignment (due Novo 20) 10%4. Take home exam (essay format, distributed November 27) 30% 5. Seminar comp any Please note Detailed explanations of course evaluation and expectations will be posted on Assai and discussed in class and/or seminar. In addition, brief lecture outlines will be posted On Assai former to lecture.Seminar Schedule A seminar schedule will be posted on Assai. It will outline he weekly seminar expectations, readings, possible discussion questions and assignments. There are 8 seminars in total. Successful completion of this course will depend on your en gaged presence at all seminars. You are expected to read the assigned material in advance of the corresponding seminar. Accessibility Please notify the professor if you strike accessibility issues and concerns. These concerns will be passed on to emailprotected Ca.Also, for more information please go to http//www. Brocks. Ca/accessibility. classify changes or green goddesscellations Any changes or cancellations of lectures, miners, and office hours will be posted on Assai and/or announced in class and/or emailed to students. Late Submissions are subject to a penalty of 2% per day, pull up for the take- home exam which is 5% per day, including weekends, unless arrangements have been made with the course instructor. An assignment, for example, that would have received a path of 80 % (A-) submitted 2 days late, will receive a grade of 76% (B).The student should be prepared to provide some form of official documentation, such as a doctors note, to support any request for an extensi on. Also, it is advisable to keep an extra copy of any written assignment due for this course. equalization (from Brock University Undergraduate Calendar) A+ 90 100 work of outstanding fictitious character that provides clear evidence of a rare talent for the subject and of an original and/or incisive mind A 80 89 excellent, accurate work that demonstrates a certain flair for and comprehension of the subject.B 70-79 competent work that shows a level-headed grasp of the course goals without being distinguished C 60 69 work of adequate quality that suffers from incompleteness or inaccuracy D 50 59 the minimum requirements of a course are precisely satisfied F 49 or lower minimum requirements have not been met, and no recognise has been given for the course Academic Misconduct Because academic integrity is vital to the well-being of the university community, Brock University takes academic foul up very seriously.Academic misconduct includes plagiarism, which involves presenti ng the words and ideas of another person as if they were your own, and other forms of cheating such as using crib notes during a test or fabricating data for a seminar assignment. The penalties for academic misconduct can be very severe. A grade of zero may be given for the assignment Or even for the Course, and a second offense may result in suspension from the university. Students are urged to read the section of the Brock University Undergraduate Calendar that pertains to academic misconduct.

Persepolis Chapter: Eggy On the first of September, cousin Alexis passed away

On the first of September, first cousin Alexis passed away.My parents were answering phones and replying to texts. Almost everyone on the opposite end of the line was crying.When they were done, I asked them who Alexis was and what had happened.They told me that Kuya Alexis was my older cousin who would insure the house to happen upon my parents whenever he had the time. They told me he would play and talk to me for hours, and so did his girlfriend Ate Nika. in that locationfore they told me that at 1000 pm last night both of them were shot by three robbers in their house in Quezon City. It was said that their maid let the robbers in and left with them after theyd stolen jewelry and their laptops.My mom started crying, and my dad left the room. I wondered about how the robbers knew the maid.My mom and dad bought clothes for Alexis and Nika to wear at their funeral. My mom showed me Alexis draw off This is the first tie I ever gave your father. It was the ugliest tie Ive ever s een, exactly I guess that made sense for him to wear it.My sister Pimee called saying that she was going to come stem for the vex, I was so excited I cleaned my room that we shared for her arrival. She didnt end up staying with me.On the day of the ceremony, the sky was clear and the sun was shining. We were all asked to wear white, which was weird because Im fine black was the color to wear for these kinds of things.The mass was a blur. The two coffins were beside the altar, but I couldnt see the bodies there were too many flowers around them.During the eulogy, several people who knew Alexis went up to speak. Some of them laughed, some of them cried. It was sturdy at times to understand their stuttering. Most of them called Alexis Eggy, supposedly because his head was shaped like an egg.The wake was unusual. volumes faces were damp, their eyes red and watery, and yet they were still eating snacks and holding on to drinks, as if it was a party. People were mingling, greeting e ach former(a) with a sad smile and sharing each others connection to Kuya Alexis. I saw Nikas father and brother lecture with Kuya Alexis siblings and mother. I couldnt explain the expressions on their faces it was as if the world ended.Isabel My mom called. I walked to her, and she took my hand Would you like to say good-bye to Alexis? Her voice shook. I nodded, and we both made our way to the coffin.I peered into the wooden case, and there he was, quiescency peacefully. I realized that Eggy was an appropriate nickname, because his head really was egg-shaped. Around his neck was my dads tie in all its hideous glory, not he would have minded. His skin was a lucifer of shades darker, and his body looked stiff, but I could still feel warmth radiating from him. I stood there for a a few(prenominal) minutes, just looking at his face. He looked like he was going to wake up, so I waited.I got impatient, and before I knew it, my face was damp like the others too. My mom comprehend me and ran to comfort me. I told her I need to speak to Ate Bettina, Kuya Alexis older sister.My mom took me to Bettina and told her that I had something to say. When we ground her, I tapped her shoulder and told her thisOnce, when I got home from ballet at around 10 p.m. Kuya Alexis and Ate Nika where talking to Dad and Mom after dinner. I sat beside Kuya Alexis. He asked me how ballet was and I told him that I treasured to quit. I told him that my classmates keep telling me I should get a life because I can never join them on weekends. I can never go to parties or hang out with them. Its just school and ballet, school and ballet. hence Kuya Alexis asked me, Do you love ballet? And I said yes. Then he said to me, Then keep on doing it no matter what anyone tells you. I just precious to tell you that Im still in ballet because of him.She started crying, but she smiled at me and said convey you. I realized that my white blouse was drenched.When we walked out the church, I looked up and saw that the sky was black. A few seconds later, it started raining.

Summary of Journal “International Marketing Tool: the Internet”

Article Title externalist Marketing Tooll The Internet Journal Title Industrial Management And Data Systems Date/Issue 1998, Vol. 98 Issue 6, 253 261. Authors Fred Palumbo, Paul Herbig Summarized by Emre Avsar Major goal of this article is to provide to understanding what marketers consider when adopting market decisions to the Internet. The Internet provides to organizations least expensive and original tools for advertising, taking and placing orders and communicating with their customers worldwide.Even if, the Internet can make marketers dreams advance true, it can cause harmful consequences for firms which are not aware of the challenges that the Internet creates. Marketers should make decisions having regard to, outside(a) price, increase of competition, cultural differences, telecommunication infrastructure, credit cards use worldwide, etc. The Internet is composed of millions of networks committed on a global scale.Those networks provide services which are communicating w ith one another or to find any information all over the world. The services which provided by the Internet are e-mail, poster list, newsgroup, cybermall, etc. Companies should decide to how they use the Internet as a marketing tool. When companies deciding that, they should pay help to international price, global branding, territory, channel conflict, international distribution, organizational structure, increase of competition, means of payment.The Internet gives a to a greater extent global view, this global availability generate several new challenges such as Cultural aspects ( language, images, colors) , privacy, concorship, security, international law, intellectual property, global branding, international distribution, intellectual property, etc. The Internet provides many resources for all firms, particularly for downcast and medium sized organizations, searching for a market for their products and services globally.

Contemporary Realistic Fiction Essay

The genre that I giveing be presenting is Contemporary Realistic Fiction. The project idea that I chose for my genre was the topic of the sensitive issue of oddment and how it is treated and written in literature. To discuss the issue about conclusion and dying the paper will include books that focus on the following subjects. The first being what the understanding or impression of the kid be after reading or having the books read to them. The next being how the stories treat the issue of death and what lessons they could have learned in helping them cope.Another would be the question of if the books treat the subject the analogous way and if not, I will comp be the viewpoints amongst the books. The books will be discussed both in individual and bodied form so as to provide a true and fair view of the information which are presented in these books. Thus far, I have found a few titles that I believe will help me to present my topic. The first being Bridge To Terabithia by Kathe rine Paterson, which is the fib of depressed and angry twenty percent grader Jess Aarons, who becomes friends with his new outgoing, tomboy neighbor Leslie Burke.The two lonely children create a magical forest res publica together that they call Terabithia. The book comes to a tragic end when Leslie falls into a creek and drowns. The lesson that I got out of reading this book was that Jesse could only oercome his grief with the strength and courage that his friendship with Leslie had abandoned him. The next book I chose was a picture book called Jims Dog Muffins by Miriam Cohen. Jim is a first grader who has been having a hard time since his dog Muffins died. At school, he becomes angry when his classmates dont seem to understand how he feels.Until his new friend Paul comes along and helps him feel better. This could show the look of how having people around to help you get through a loved ones, or in this case a loved dogs, death is very(prenominal) crucial and can have very positive effects. The next book I have chosen to include thus far is called laze Pie by Mason Simon. Moon Pie has a cute and fun cover that would lead you to believe it is a humorous and light book. However, this little book actually has a bit of a serious story line. That said, it is a tender little book about a family going through hard times.Marthas mother has died prior to the storys beginning. Her sweet father has always been eccentric, however his oddities are increasing. Martha wonders if he might be going a little bit crazy due to his grief over the loss of her mother, and it turns out she is partially correct. In fact, she learns that he is an alcoholic. She and her brother are taken away from their tonic and given to their grandparents, where they are well cared for, but miss their dad terribly. This books ending is realistic, but a happy one overall which can show children that are currently in the sorrow stage that things can get better.

Why World Cinema Is an Important Topic to Study

WhyWhy creation Cinema is an important topic to get hold of? Third Cinema is a very diametric topic to the rest of the syllabus topics this forget seize us to broaden our viewing range and develop our own photo interest. Popular Hollywood films be usually number one choice, when it comes to choosing films as at that place is a limited number of choice and veracity within the small section provided that under humanness cinema.Unless you deliver knowledge in the industry and about the films you are searching for, it becomes a challenge to find whatsoeverthing suit adequate to(p) for your interests. Studying Global Cinema result expand our knowledge on the 10% of films that do not fall under that category of Hollywood films. Although Hollywood films have a much higher success rate, it will not al slipway have a new creative plot or narrative.Similar article Pestle Analysis for Odeon CinemaWhere-as world cinema films challenges Hollywood films within creativity by exploring different structures etc. Although there are some difficulties we will face whilst trying to study specific films such as the language barrier, variations in culture, different sense of humour and sometimes words, sayings or puns will be lost in translation. However we will be able to gain information about various cultures and country of origin and their industries, different ways techniques and styles of films.There is no such thing as a typical world cinema film, as it is a collective term used for all manner of films from different home(a) cinema and therefore there a wide range of genre within world cinema to be explored to be able to suit various interests. World cinema is unique and differs from predictable mass culture. Which is often something neglected, undervalued or see as Hollywood has power when it comes to the film industry therefore films from around the world have categorised by the fact they are not Hollywood films rather than genre based.Hollywood films often have homogeneous plot points or nothing new about their style of films. There are some national cinema films which have been remade by Hollywood. A classic example of Hollywood remakes is the original Internal affairs (1990, Mike Figgis) this film was an initial success within its origin country however it became a global success after Hollywood remade this film with an all-star cast, produced by Brad Pitt.In conclusion it is important to study world cinema films is to be able to expand our knowledge as it is often not discussed. Hollywood films do not always provide us with unique creative films that challenges against the conventional way in which film is portrayed through Hollywood. This will give us a new film experience whilst schooling about new culture and the country of origin.

Christianity and Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christianity and Islam - Research Paper ExampleThe Catholic Church, the Coptic Church, the Jewish-Orthodox Churches, the Protestant Churches, and other small denominations signify modern Christianity (Miner et al., 2014).The emergence of the Christianity on the roman print Empire was mark in Jerusalem during the 1st Century AD. The fall of the Empire resulted to the emergence of Christianity. The birth of Christianity in the Roman Empire is more often link to the conversion of the Constantine, which led to a different perception of Christianity. forge has it that, Christs vision appeared to the Constantine on the battles eve that eventually led to the Constantine winning the battle, hence make him convert the Empire to Christianity something that marked the emergence and spread of Christianity in the entire world by the condemnation the Roman Empire fell. Therefore, since then the religion has spread globally and, it is believed it is one of the largest religions globally.Christ ianity appealed to many people after the fall of the Roman Empire because of the inequality that was exhibited by the Roman Empire (segregation) hence, Christianity offered mutual social book to its members, hence attracting many people. Therefore, many people adopted Christianity because they felt oppressed by the Roman Empire. In addition, many people from diverse backgrounds and regions viewed Christianity as a uniting religion and hence so the rent to adopt Christianity (Mason.gmu.edu, n.d.).Islam came into existence in the 622 CE by Mohammed, a renowned prophet of the Medina. Muslims view Islam as something that has been there since the times of prophets such as David, Moses, Abraham, and Jesus (Levenson, 2012). The two main sacred texts used by Islam are Quran and Hadith. The five pillars of Islam are reciting of the Shahadah at least once a day, performing of the request five times a day while facing Mecca,

The negative effects of illegal drug use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The negative effects of illegal medicate use - Essay ExampleAlmost one-quarter of these teenagers reported that they had participated in unprotected sex as a result of medicine or alcohol use. It is important to note that alcohol is a powerful medicate and illegal to minors putting it into the illegal drug category with respect to teenage use. Teens 14 and under(a) who drink or use drugs argon more likely to be having sex at epitome the rate of those in this age group that do not. High school teenagers that use alcohol are septenary time more likely to strike sex than their non-drinking peers. Older teens that drink are seven times as likely to have intercourse as non-drinking teens and those that use other drugs five times as likely. Drug and alcohol using teenagers are three and five times, respectively, more likely to have multiple sexual partners (Hartge, 1999).Teenagers experience more emotional fluctuations than do younger children or an adult which explains why the suic ide rate is higher in that group. Teenagers that use drugs and alcohol are more likely to start out suicide. According to a study of teenagers that attempted suicide, alcohol and drug abuse was the most oft dual-lane characteristic. Of the teenagers that took their own life, 70 per cent were frequent users of drugs and/or alcohol. However, current research does not demonstrate that drug and alcohol use actually instigates suicide, just that these behaviors are connected. Teenagers that experience emotional problems to a higher period than others have a greater propensity to consider suicide and to use drugs. (Shaffer et al, 1996).Illegal substances most frequently conjugated with drug-related fatalities include opiates such as heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and barbiturates. Alcohol, particularly when used in combination with harder drugs, is also linked with drug-related deaths. Cannabis and hallucinogens (i.e.

Supermax Prisons - Problem or Solution Research Paper

Supermax Prisons - Problem or Solution - Research Paper ExampleSupermax prisons assist in general protection of prison staff members and inmate populations. Jurisdictions using Supermax Instituions During the past two decades Super-max prisons were noble-minded in the United States. This is contrary to current situation where two-thirds of states have implemented the use of supermax facilities with capacity of lodgment as many inmates as possible. According to King (1999), supermax prisons accommodated approximately 20,000 inmates a figure estimated to be occlude to 2% of total federal and state inmates with different service sentences. By the year 1999, almost two-thirds of states espouse supermax prisons. However, survey by National Institute of Corrections (NIC) in 1996, indicated that in 1984, a single prison was used as supermax facility. The constitution provided for legislative branch which formed the first part of the Constitution indicating the founding of Congress co nsisting of House of Representatives and Senate. The two branches performed different tasks. Congress performed tasks such as collection of taxes, regulation of Commerce, defense amongst some others (Lowi et al, 2010). There was the Executive, Legislature and the judicial branches of government. The executive comprises of the President, while the judicial branch was endowed with the responsibility of checking for body politic and guarding against interference with liberty and property. The constitution at the same time provided for national Unity and power amongst American citizens and all states. The process of amending the constitution was provided for in Article V with article VII providing for rules for ratification of the memorial (Lowi et al, 2010). Arguments for and against Proponents of supermax institutions argue that the rate of toughness as exhibited by the inmate population, increased gang activities as rise as various difficulties government encounter in the proce ss of maintaining order within severely herd prisons encourages the use of supermax facilities. Further, proponents of supermax facilities view the kind of harshness within the facility from positive perspective since such conditions prevents other inmates from indulging in further criminal activities within prisons. At the same time, they support order and asylum as crucial part in management of prisons (Riveland, 1999). The modern-day supermax prisons is a replica for concentration model, which promotes mental hospital of specific units capable of managing specified hardcore inmates, Alcatraz was one of such institution. However, it was closed by Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and replaced with new, specialise high-security prison located in Marion, IIIinois. The levels of violence and assaults against prison staff and other inmates increased in early 1970s (King, 1999). Due such cases, opponents argue on the presence of so many negative elements resulting from such institutions. How ever, such agreement ignored the nature of cooperation on the ground at the presence of all organizations making any meetings on the political and security domain informal. From economic perspective, building and operations of supermax prisons costs higher(prenominal) compared to traditional maximum security prisons. At the same time, there is less evidence on whether the institutions pull towards improvement of in-mate behavior throughout prison systems. There is also no evidence on wheth

Ganoderma lucidum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ganoderma lucidum - Research Paper ExampleIn ancient times due to its rarity and limited supply, Ganoderma, was usually almost exclusively reserved for royalty, emperors and kings (Ganoderma-online, 2012).Thanks to modern and stretch out specific cultivation techniques, Reishi is more affordable to produce and its accessible more to the average consumer. There be some(prenominal) potential health benefits and medicinal uses for long term users of Ganoderma LucidumModern research supports the myriad of course occurring medicinal and health enhancing compounds present in the Ganoderma mushroom family. Reishi consumed as a long-term health auxiliary is widely used for its ability to prevent many common health maladies that might affect the separate in the future (Staments, 1993). This fungi is well known for its immune system enhancing properties, its ability to ward of infections and scotch blood pressure, increase liver glucose metabolism as well as and normalizing blood glucose levels (Ganodermalucidumfacts, 2013).There are many sorts to use Ganoderma such as in extract form, tea or a pill, exclusively drinking Reishi mushroom in coffee form has become a very popular way to consume due the naturally bitter taste of its medicinal compounds similar in taste to unadorned coffee (Superganoderma, 2013).Ganoderma Lucidum contains compounds that encourage intra-cellular detoxification by accelerating and energizing cellular processes to help get rid of accumulated toxins within the cell membrane and the nucleus.By enhancing the users immune system and helping eliminate the bole from accumulated toxins preventing the body from healing and operating normally, Reishi enhances the ability of the immune system to fight of the cancer cells. The polysaccharides and germanium compounds present in the fungal body are largely responsible for the anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties present on Ganoderma Lucidum. Ganoderma is

Information Technology in Supply Chain Management Essay

Information Technology in allow Chain Management - Essay ExampleThis led way to the concept of forming a network of resources, sensitive materials, components and finished harvest-feasts rolling in and out of a factory, coined as return string management.Supply chain management is the discipline of managing the movement of raw materials into an organisation and the finished products out of the organisation. SCM is an approach that encompasses every sue concerned in manufacturing a product, from source to consumption. There has to be a linkage between the suppliers that fork over inputs, manufacturing and service support operations that transform the inputs into products and services, and the distribution and local service providers that localize the product (Chase. et al., 2003). This involves mental synthesis a network that allows a string up of materials, without a break or hitch, throughout the process of production. This flow is fuelled by co-operation, and co-ordination among the diverse channel partners.Supply chain management thrives on improving efficiency and step-down comprise of production by focusing on the core competencies of a company. Functions such as procurance of raw materials and distribution of products are outsourced to companies that are better equipped and more cost-efficient to perform them. strategical planning is necessary to develop a network to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, be less and delivers high quality and value to customers. Information technology has helped integrate the various components of SCM by expression a network that aids in sharing necessary data between all supply chain partners within a system.5. Information Technology in Supply Chain Management (800 words) like a shot the survival of most companies depends on intelligent supply chain decisions. Firms today have to take all-encompassing advantage of the internet to become more responsive and to better penetrate customer markets (C hase. et al., 2003). With the advent of IT and internet, parley between supply chain partners has become easier and more cost-efficient. Internet has paved way for integrating the change partners in the SCM system, to bring them closer through the power of electronic communication.Automating SCM is the process of building an electronic tuition network for transactions among supplier-manufacturer-retailer-customer in virtual space using IT. Every company in a large supply chain or distribution chain is dependent on each some other. Thus, the building block of value creation has shifted from individual firms to value-networks that consist of partner firms and their close collaboration. SCM consists of choosing what work to outsource to suppliers (make vs. buy) and selecting suppliers to use and negotiating contracts - both(prenominal) the legalities and the culture of the supply chain relationships. (Milak, 2006)One area where Ford and Toyota have diverged is supplier relations. Armed with cost and quality control at the process level, Toyota can concentrate on a value-based enterprise product strategy focused on customer value. Instead of building and maintaining collaborative supplier strategies, Ford and other American companies concentrate their expertise on mere cost-cutting strategies. Toyota recognizes that fulfilling the enterprise potential of TPS requires a substantial

Capital structure theory, issues and debates while showing how capital Research Paper

Capital body construction theory, issues and debates while showing how slap-up structre choices affects a firms come on investment (RO - Research Paper ExampleIn this portion, the MM approach for the capital structure theory has been described, and the assumptions have been stated and criticized. The main objective of this project is to show the importance of the capital structure of a smart set and its affect on the performance. A detailed analysis of the debt and equity financing has been make in this project from 2010 to 2012. Their implications have been discussed. In this project, it has also been shown how the capital structure of a lodge determines the line of work risk. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Business and fiscal Risks 5 Business Risks 5 fiscal Risks 5 Modigilani and Millers Capital Structure Theory 6 Capital Structure Evidence and Implications 7 Optimal Capital Structure for the Company 9 cultivation 11 References 12 Appendices 13 Introdu ction Coca Cola is a multinational beverage manufacturer, vendor and retailer of non-alcoholic beverages (Coca Cola, 2013a). It has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1886 by John Pemberton who was a pharmacist in Columbus, Georgia (Coca Cola, 2013b). Initi everyy the beverage was sold for 5 cents each glass at Jacobs pharmaceutics and regularly nine glasses were purchased. John Pemberton died within two years and after that the brand was bought by Asa Candler in 1889 (Coca Cola, 2013c). From 1900 to 1920, the company expanded to a great extent. Robert Woodruff was appointed as the President of the company just four years after it has been bought by his father from Asa Candler. He remained in that position for a period of more than sixty years. From 1950 to 1960, the company introduced divergent flavors of juices in its product line. Presently the company serves in most of the remote areas of the globe and has more than five hundred different drinking bra nds. The company is soon financing its operations with higher dependency on debt capital. There are various factors that affect the capital structure of the company. It needs to be financially flexible in order to adapt to the changes in the quick market. The financial performance of the company has improved significantly. The company is enjoying tax benefits because of the high debt financing. Thus, the tax position of the company is good. There are various other business risks which are reducing its growth opportunities. Business and Financial Risks The company has some risks which pose a threat to the projection of growth. Business Risks Changes in the Customer Preferences Presently, it has been observed that the customers preferences for non-alcoholic drinks have changed due to various health concerns, changes in their lifestyle and also the mash from the competitive products in the market. The company should try to adapt to the changes with the current market conditions in order to blend the market and also to reach to other areas which have not been explored. Increase in Competition Among all the leading beverage manufacturing companies, PepsiCo is the major competitor of Coca Cola. There is also an increased competition from different beer manufacturing companies which provide various non-alcoholic products. Thus, Coca Cola is facing a threat from the strong competitors in the market. Financial Risks Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates The company incurs liabilities in different currencies apart from that of dollar. The changes