Russias Population The Culture And Geography Of Russia

Being the world’s largest country by land area, nearly twice the size of Canada, Russia’s population ranks sixth in the world, and is spread across 5,000 miles from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. Russia borders 14 other countries, spans 11 time zones and has a wide range of environments that include deserts, deep forests, and an arctic tundra. Russia contains Europe’s longest river, the Volga River, as well as its largest lake, Lake Ladoga. Its climate can be described as highly continental, from extreme cold in its northern regions and Siberia to subtropical in areas along the Black Sea. Russia’s capital and largest city is Moscow, followed by St. Petersburg. These cities combined are Russia’s most prominent†¦show more content†¦By the 11th century, the Varangians had united all the eastern Slavs and were at the peak of their rule. Kievan Rus’ eventually began to decline in the late 11th century and int o the 12th century, separating into various regions that fought each other for power. After the fall of Constantinople, Rus’ commercial ties to the Byzantine Empire were severed, weakening the state’s economy and diminishing key trade routes. Kievan Rus’ finally fell to the Mongol conquest, marking the end of the city of Kiev as a center of power (Lagasse, 2017). Once Mongol power declined in the 14th and 15th centuries, Moscow surfaced as Russia’s new capital. The first Tsar (ruler) of the Russians, Grand Duke Ivan IV, was crowned in 1547. In 1618, Michael I, the first of the Romanovs, was crowned tsar. Russia continued to expand throughout Siberia in the 17th century to the Pacific Ocean. Under the rule of Peter the Great, from 1682-1725, Russia’s power was extended to the Baltic Sea, and its capital shifted to the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg; a move that has been described as a window opened upon Europe† to replace its long-standing cultural and economic center, Moscow. By the turn of the 18th century, the Russians had expanded their empire further into Europe and Asia (Gall, 2012). In 1801, succeeding his father Paul I,Show MoreRelatedCultural Characteristics Of A Nation s Culture Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesRussia has many cultural characteristics that have shaped the country we know today. A nation s culture can define its actions and make them more predictable as a state on the international level. Understanding a nation’s culture gives great insight into the motives and reasoning behind their aggression or acts of force. Factors such as geography, weather, political landscape, military, and key infrastructure provide a clear understanding of Russian culture and how it has shaped the nation overRead MoreRussia And Their Lines Of Communication Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe meaning of culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts (Zimmermann, 2015). In this essay I will be explaining Russia’s cultural characteristics. I will also be covering the geography of Russia and their lines of communication. Russia has multiple conflicts that the country has been a part of, but I will be discussing the Russian Civil War the three year war. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Effects Of Russian Culture On Military Operations1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Russian Culture on Military Operations in That Region Introduction Understanding a country’s culture as it pertains to military operations is highly important in the modern era. Dictionary.com defines culture as â€Å"the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group†. There are many examples throughout history that show the negative consequences of ignoring or misunderstanding the cultures of other countries. The most recent example is our long sustainedRead MoreRussia And It s Culture1573 Words   |  7 PagesPaper 1 July 07, 2015 Russia and It’s Culture Most people can agree that Russia is an interesting culture, even if they know very little about it. It has unique aspects to it, such as its political power, military, food, and even language. The US is competitors with them, yet neither ever called for war. Russia is a very literate country, one of the highest in literacy. Russia has so much more to it than its stereotype, such as being known for large mobsters and mafia groups. Russia is much more thanRead MoreRussia Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesof America in terms of world power and prominence. Russia makes their name known beginning in World War 2 (WW2), later in the Korean War, Cold War, and today’s proxy war in the Syria. Russia’s culture, environment, politics, military, and economy do not just make Russia a regional powerhouse, but slowly becoming a region of influential power to surrounding countries with the end state of a global superpower. All the factors that make Russia the powerhouse that it is slo wly becoming, highlightsRead MoreRussi The Russian Federation1542 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Russia at a glance, is also known as the Russian Federation, and is a country located in northern Eurasia. It’s considered to be federal semi-presidential republic. Russia covers 6,592,800 square miles making it the largest country in the world. It’s also home to nearly 144 million people, as of 2015, making it the world’s ninth most populous nation. Russia extends across the entirety of northern Asia and most of Eastern Europe. Spanning nine time zones, Russia covers a vast rangeRead MoreCulture Defined By The World Book Encyclopedia Essay2267 Words   |  10 Pages Culture Defined A simple definition of the word culture is, according to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, place, or time† (2016). A culture includes everything around a human being that shapes their behavior: â€Å"arts, beliefs, customs, institutions, inventions, language, technology, and values† (World Book, 2015). The World Book Encyclopedia says, â€Å"There are several important characteristics of culture† (2015). World Book (2015) states theseRead MoreHow Russia Became The Country It Is Today1451 Words   |  6 Pages Russia, the largest country in the world, has a very deep and immense culture; a country that has been adapting and changing its culture since as early as the 9th century. Values, beliefs, language, and even the religion all have had major impact on this powerful nation. Culture is the complex whole of a society, this includes everything that gives a society its identity; culture is learned, it is not inherited, most of it is unconsciously learned from family, friends, peers, and even the mediaRead MoreThe Conflict Between Syria And The Middle Eastern Region Of The World1478 Words   |  6 PagesGeography 142 Life In Syria Syria is a country located in the Middle Eastern region of the world, and is currently in the stages of developing. It is located on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and lies between the neighboring countries of Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Turkey, and Lebanon. Much of Syria’s economy is based on agriculture, oil, industry and services. All of which are major reasons why Syria could be a developing country. Syria’s population has been steadily increasing since the 1960’sRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Russia Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pages11:04 p.m. A girl somewhere in Russia wakes up from the sound of heavy footsteps creaking up the wooden steps. Confused, she begins crying, trying to escape the chains, but as soon as she attempts, the face of a stranger comes near her. 11:07 p.m. A girl somewhere in Russia becomes a victim of human trafficking. Human trafficking has existed across the globe for thousands of years. From the Ancient Greek and Romans to the mediev al times, until today, humans have existed as victims of the cruel act

Religious Conversion And Its Impact On Religion Essay

Religious conversion is the use of an identification with a particular religious denomination, to the exclusion of other faiths. Therefore, the religious conversion to describe the use of a religious sect, and with another affiliate of abandon. A lot of people into a different religious reasons, including: to convert through freely chosen activities due to changes in beliefs, secondary conversion deathbed conversion, the conversion for convenience and marriage and forced conversion such as convert conversion through violence or charity . In order to facilitate the conversion or reaffiliation is insincere behavior, sometimes relatively trivial reasons, such as a parent conversion, so that a child was admitted to a good school with a religious association, or a person to adopt a religion of pure attractiveness and social class, he or she desires. When people get married spouses may be converted to other religions for the later by their own actions to identify a variety of reasons undis closed. Cast by different religions under duress. Conversion may secretly retain the previous conviction, and continue with her true religion, but secretly outward show of the new religion associated operations. In the generations of families who were forced to convert to a new religion will begin to accept wholeheartedly religion unaware. Proselytism is the act of attempting to convert an individual by persuasion from one religious denomination to the other. Apostate is a term used by membersShow MoreRelatedAnne Hutchingson and Freeborn Garrettson1207 Words   |  5 Pagesinterruptions from the devil, resulted in his conversion. Like Hutchinson, Garrettson experienced an immediate revelation from God. Unlike Hutchinson, Garrettson was not banished for the experience. In fact, he chose to publish it and went on to become a key figure in the rise of Methodism in the United States. In the years between Hutchinson’s trial and Garettson’s conversion, American religion had changed. Democracy had changed it. While the impact of religion on democracy has been well documentedRead MoreEssay on Did Religion Impact American History?561 Words   |  3 PagesEvidence throughout American history, confirms religion has significantly contributed to the evolution of our culture. Multiple events have contributed, including politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most wars in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. SpecificallyRead MoreReasons for Vladimir Is Conversion to Christianity and How It Changed the Culture of Eastern Slavs1730 Words   |  7 Pages What Motivated Vladimir I to convert to Christianity and how did the new religion change the culture of Eastern Slavs? Paganism was a mental mindset of the Eastern Slavs living in a world where a majority of the European countries surrounding them had already converted to a monastic religion. Vladimir I, a great prince of Kiev, reigned from 980 till 1015 and succeeded in the mass conversion of the Eastern Slavs.1 Throughout his reign Vladimir’s agenda had always been to strengthen his empire,Read MoreThe And Indian Passage Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesReligion is one of the most effective ways to have a positive impact on complex societies, whether it is obeying a religious figure, or following a set of rules. This is seen to be true in the Mesopotamian literature of the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, the Egyptian text of ‘Negative Confessions’, and the Indian passage of Ashoka’s â€Å"Pillar Edicts†, where religion is the central theme throughout these documents. Even though, these documents have many differences, including time, plac e, and overall objectiveRead MoreJoseph And Aseneth : An Allegory Of Conversion1313 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph and Aseneth is an allegory of conversion to Hebraism, which  although it features a woman as the main character, the text demonstrates a society concerns about interfaith relationships. The text is not a contemporary narrative from the Torah because it revolutionizes the common beliefs and encourages new traditions. Joseph and Aseneth adhere to the interpretation of Orthodox Hebraism by portraying a prohibited love story because of religious differences. Joseph seems reluctant to be in contactRead MoreConstantine The Great And Flavius Valerius Constantinus1114 Words   |  5 Pagesparadigms and religion of the time. Before Constantine, Christianity was tolerated, but much persecution ensued. His shift to Christianity made it legal, and it became the official religion of the Empire. The second important event that he is well known for is convening the Council of Nicaea which ruled that God the father and Jesus Christ were equal parts of the Trinity. Furthermore, this council issued the Nicene Creed. This Creed is still used by Christian churches today - highlighting the impact of Constantine’sRead MoreThe Barriers Between Cultures, Patterns, And The Differences Amongst Society1647 Words   |  7 Pagesdown to one thing, religion. Religion is vastly universal. It encompasses a wide variety of sub-sectors, as it houses many diverse types of religions, each with varying beliefs, ideals, rituals, and languages. Religion is a way of life, it brings people together. It evokes a new way of thinking, feeling, and understanding the complexity of life. The specific role religion plays in an individual s life is different for everyone. Many people cling to the ideal of being â€Å"religious† as a means to justifyRead MoreThe Rule Of The Empire Essay1249 Word s   |  5 PagesThroughout history, state power and religious influence have gone hand in hand. Rulers and their governmental bodies have used their power and influence in an attempt to spread their religious mantra to their populace. Asoka, of the Mauryan empire, wanted to use his religion in order to establish his empire as a stronghold of peace and prosperity. In stark contrast to that, Emperor Trajan of Rome wanted for Christians under his dominion to be persecuted in order to keep the status quo of the empireRead MoreImpact of Religion on American History to 1877934 Words   |  4 PagesEvidence throughout American history confirms religion has significantly contributed to the evolution of our culture. Multiple events have contributed, including politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most wars in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. SpecificallyRead MoreThe Correlation Between Bride Wealth and Stability of Marriage949 Words   |  4 PagesBridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content.ashford.edu As we have learned, an emic perspective is the insiders understanding / perception of why a culture may do as they do while etic is the perspective of the outsider. Explain the impact forced and voluntary conversion to Christianity has had on the leadership structure and social control of chiefdoms using one of these two perspectives in which to make your argument. Include specific examples and terminology from Chapter Six to reinforce your point

Legal Aspects of International Trade and Enterprise Global Energy

Question: Discuss about theLegal Aspects of International Trade and Enterprise for Global Energy. Answer: Company Profile Glencore plc, Global Energy Commodity Resources, is a multinational Anglo- Swiss company, newly formed in May 2013 through a merger of Glencore and Xstrata, and is headquartered in Baar, Switzerland. Originally, Glencore was formed in 1974 by Marc Rich while Xstrata was founded in 1926 as an infrastructure and electricity project company. The company has significant interests in mining industry business and majorly deals with mining and processing of metals and other minerals, oils, natural gas, coal, crude oil and Agricultural products. Glencore plc has operations in over 50 countries across the world among them, Australia and has workforce of over 154,000 employees globally. In Australia, the company is headquartered in Sydney and has a workforce of over 16,000 employees, quite a significant figure compared to total global number of employees in the company. Australia, being endowed with many natural resources such as coal, nickel, oil and zinc, has provided a great opportunity to Glencore plc to invest in mining and processing of the natural resource in the country. The company has been in business in Australia for last 20 years and has grown to be one of the major employers in Australia. Currently, the company has 3% market of world oil consumption and it is the world 4th largest commodity trader in the world with annual revenue of over 300 billion USD in the year 2015 and a net income of over 10 billion USD in the same financial year under review. The company has had to undergone some business changes in Australia such as when it decided to close down its underground coal mining in Queensland Australia by the year 2015. The company has also undergone strategic diversification by focusing more on items or commodities that are used in daily basis such plastic and cutlery. The current Glencore plc CEO is Mr. Ivan Glasenberg, who steers the company towards continuous achievement of organizational objectives as well as business strategy. ("Home - Home | Glencor e Australia", 2017) Regulations Affecting Glencore Plc Business in Australia Corporate Tax One of the regulations affecting Glencore plcs business in Australia is the 30% corporate tax imposed by the Australian authorities to corporates in Australia. Glencore having deep operations in the country is too facing this and its required to remit 30% of its earnings to the government as corporate tax. This affects the business operations of Glencore because it eats into its margin of profit. Once the margin of profit has been reduced the company will be unable to finance future expansions as the mining business is quite capital intensive. The 70% earnings remaining after deducting the corporate tax levy, is what the company will need to share with the investors or the shareholders of Glencore and the remaining little amount to be used for expansion. Thus 30% corporate tax in Australia is not competitive compared to other better economies like United Kingdom which corporate tax is at 19% and Switzerland at an average of 24%. Therefore, it is a challenging business environment to Glencore plc to operate under such tax regime and maintain desired level of growth, if it does no have tax credits and financially strong subsidiaries across the world to fund its rapid growth and expansion plans. Huge corporate tax also affects the prices of the commodities manufactured or processed by Glencore plc. All the business as well the profits is always footed by the consumer of the product. Thus Glencore is forced to increase the prices of its commodities in the market thereby affecting their competitiveness, which in turn may lead to low sales and low revenue collection and profit for the company. With this rate of corporate tax the Glencore may face challenges in attracting and retaining best talents due to low pay necessitated by harsh tax regime. Best talents help the company to grow faster because best talents usually make best decisions for the company thus allowing it to grow with less unforeseen challenges. (Dagwell, Wines, Lambert, Psaros, 2012) Australian Diverted Profits Tax Llaw This law on tax, recently enacted has some punitive measures that will affect the multinational companies including Glencore plc. The law requires that upon preliminary assessment and the outcome is a suspicion of diverted profit then, the multinational company in question will need to make tax payment at 40% penalty rate irrespective of whether the assessment is correct or not. Further to this, if there is an assessment of diverted income then the appeal process has been extended to 12 months, all this time the government is holding the company funds paid in terms of tax at penalty rate, limiting growth and expansion plans for the company. The law has also restricted admissible evidence to counter assessment verdict of diverted income. This change in the law affects Glencore plc in that it slows the company plans for growth and expansion. The question of whether an income is a diverted income or not, is a matter of interpretation of business process, Glencore being a multinational c ompany has resources across the world these resources can be put together to for the purposes of generation of profit or income. The company will then, based on its assessment, determine which subsidiary takes which amount of profit according to how the resources were used. This assessment can totally change in the eyes of the government official when determining whether the company diverted profits or not and consequently leading to Glencore plc paying tax at 40% penalty rate awaiting 12-month appeal process. This further eats into the profits realized by the company affecting its growth and development plans. (Drebler, Overesch, 2012) Treaties and Conventions Kyoto Protocol Kyoto protocol is an international climate treaty developed by United Nations Framework convention on climate change. The treaty holds that state parties to the agreement commits to reduces greenhouse house gas Carbon (iv) oxide emission to the environment by a certain agreed percentage of the previous level of emission, based on the fact that global warming which leads to desertification and raising ocean water levels among other effects are caused by human made carbon (iv) oxide emissions. Glencore being a mining and processing industry player is affected by this treaty in a number of ways, after Australia became full member of the Kyoto protocol agreement in 2008. To be able to implement Kyoto protocol Glencore will be required to reduce use of coal power or carbon based power such as fuel in its industries. (Massai, 2014) This means that the company will need to invest in clean energy production such as wind power and solar systems to power its machines instead of using fuel whic h emits the CO2 or carbon (iv) oxide gas. This therefore meant that Glencore had to phase out machines that largely depended on fuel to new technologies and innovations that will lead to reduced greenhouse gas emission. Not all the countries in the world ratified the treaty like Australia did. Most countries in Latin America and Africa are yet ratify or even follow through the implementation of the ratified treaty. Mining industries in these nations are not therefore required to invest in new technologies that do not necessarily translate to higher profits but majorly aimed at reducing the greenhouse gases, not affecting the cost of production. Australian government follows through implementation of the signed treaties, and Kyoto protocol being one of them necessitated that Glencore plc invest extra amount of capital to comply with the protocol, a scenario which leads to increased cost of production. Mining and processing industries operating in non-member states of Kyoto protocol d id not need to invest in new technologies aimed at reducing the greenhouse gas emission to the environment thus their cost of production is lower compared to Glencore. (Massai, 2014) This then, lead to reduced profit margin for Glencore plc or increased market rates for Glencore plcs products and reduced competitive edge in the market, which led to low or poor sales. The market forces are always at play and customers purchasing the products are not known to be considerate of treaties under which the product was processed or manufactured such as UNs Kyoto protocol, all which is important to the market is the price and quality of the product. Thus in view of this market force, Glencore products faced stiff competition in market from companies operating in non-Kyoto compliant states such as those in Latin America. The protocol also requires that member states contribute funds to try and reverse the damages to the environment caused by the greenhouse gases already emitted to the environ ment. The Australian government being the implementer of the treaty collects funds from Australian industries affected by the treaty such Gelncore plc to fund these projects carried out by the UN, thus further increasing cost of production. (Massai, 2014) Free Trade Agreements FTAs Australian government has signed various free trade agreements or what is commonly known as FTAs with a number of countries such as China, Japan and United states. These international treaties effectively open up the market for more competition with major aim being having more commodities at the stores shelves and at a lower rates. The treaties do not lay more emphasis on promoting and shielding local industries from harsh oversees competition. Countries like China are very industrialized with many innovations such that many factors of production have low rates owing to the stiff competition in the country coupled with large population that makes economies of scale a reality in Chinese market. Therefore, Industries in China are able to produce with significantly low cost of production compared to other industries in other countries such as Australia, but leverage on huge market thus making small profit margins but with considerably high volume of sales. Glencore plc being a player in Australias Agricultural sector has interest in handling, processing and marketing agricultural products such Sugar, cotton, vegetable oils and biodiesel among other products. The signed free trade agreements between Australia and China, Japan and USA did not include some agricultural products such Sugar. This effectively means as much Chinese, Japanese and USA markets are not open to sugar from Australia on free trade. Thus any sugar commodity exported to these markets from Australia attracts huge duty and tax levies which make them uncompetitive in those markets. Export market is one of the Glencore plc strategic market expansion plan and when free trade agreements are signed with different countries and excludes some Agricultural products, Glencore is forced to look for agricultural-products market elsewhere missing out on big economies markets like USA and China. To put this into perspective, Chinese market has over 1.4 billion people which hypothetically majority of them consum e sugar and in USA the market has over 330 million people, while Japan market has in excess of 128 million people. Therefore, an FTA excluding Australian sugar from these markets effectively locks out the commodity form a market of about 1.45 billion people out of 7 billion world population. It is also important to note that three markets have fairly larger purchasing power than majority of the remaining markets. The narrowed market for Glcncore sugar meant that the product is only majorly available in Australian local market but not much in oversees market. (Uno, 2011). References Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.glencore.com/assets/sustainability/doc/case_studies/cs-Glencore-coal-business.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/188321/sub0185-workplace-relations.pdf [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Brown, K. (2012). A comparative look at regulation of corporate tax avoidance. Dordrecht: Springer. Dagwell, R., Wines, G., Lambert, C. and Psaros, J. (2012). Corporate accounting in Australia. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson. Dreler, D. and Overesch, M. (2012). Investment impact of tax loss treatmentempirical insights from a panel of multinationals. International Tax and Public Finance, 20(3), pp.513-543. Glencore.com.au. (2017). Home - Home | Glencore Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.glencore.com.au/EN/Pages/home.aspx [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Massai, L. (2014). Kyoto protocol in the eu. [Place of publication not identified]: T M C Asser Press. Uno, K. (2011). Economy, energy, environment simulation. Dordrecht: Springer.

In-School Condom Distribution Quite Unnecessary Essays - Midwifery

In-School Condom Distribution: Quite Unnecessary With the rather dramatic increase in teenage pregnancies and the higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases in recent years, the issue of safe sex among teenagers has been thrown into the national spotlight. One of the many potential fixes for this problem is in school condom distribution. This proposal has gained the favor of many anti AIDS groups because of its promises to increase condom usage among sexually active teenagers. However, it is my belief that the drawbacks of distributing condoms in school far outweigh any potential benefits to the students. The distribution of condoms in school gives the image that the school is in favor of sexual activity among teenagers. It is my belief that most (if not all) teenagers are not ready for sex; by the schools distributing condoms it is essentially endorsing sex among students. This is completely wrong, the image of the school should not be to endorse sexual activity, but rather to teach the students about its potential dangers and nudge them towards following abstinence. If one truly believes in distributing condoms freely, then schools are not the correct place. Not only does school condom distribution create an unhealthy environment, but there are other places such as health clinics and such that are more appropriate places for birth control devices and will also allow the condoms to reach a wider variety of people besides simply students. If condoms are to be distributed freely to students, why limit them to students and instead distribute them freely to all people? The other qualm that I have regarding the distribution of condoms in school is that there is no guarantee that it will be effective in increasing the usage of condoms among teenagers. Of those teenagers having sex, there are many who do already use condoms, obtaining them by buying them at a pharmacy or some other store. The teenagers who practice unsafe sex are already aware of the existence of condoms and make a conscious decision not to use them. While the distribution of condoms in school will make it easier for these students to obtain condoms should they decide they want to use them, it appears that many of them have made the decision to practice unsafe sex already. There is no guarantee that ready availability of condoms in school will make them more likely to use them. If condoms are not to be distributed in school, then certainly some other measures are necessary to fix the problem of pregnancy and the spread of STD's among teenagers. Rather than in-school condom distribution, I suggest an intense push by educators to teaching their students to follow abstinence. In this era of extremely high levels of STD's, the only truly safe kind of sex is to abstain from having sex altogether. This is exactly what the students should be taught in schools. Most students already have a Health Education class in their school and focusing on abstinence would have a tremendous impact on the level of sexual activity of the average student. This gives the exact opposite message to students that distributing condoms does. Distributing condoms endorses sex whereas teaching the benefits of abstinence teaches students that sex is only appropriate with the correct person at the correct age. The idea of in-school condom distribution has only one benefit but many other factors that indeed make it harmful to the students of that school. There are numerous substitutes for in-school condom distribution that do much to help with the problems of teenage pregnancies and infection by STD's but these solutions have few of the problems caused by condom distribution inside of school. In-School Condom Distribution Quite Unnecessary Essays - Midwifery In-School Condom Distribution: Quite Unnecessary With the rather dramatic increase in teenage pregnancies and the higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases in recent years, the issue of safe sex among teenagers has been thrown into the national spotlight. One of the many potential fixes for this problem is in school condom distribution. This proposal has gained the favor of many anti AIDS groups because of its promises to increase condom usage among sexually active teenagers. However, it is my belief that the drawbacks of distributing condoms in school far outweigh any potential benefits to the students. The distribution of condoms in school gives the image that the school is in favor of sexual activity among teenagers. It is my belief that most (if not all) teenagers are not ready for sex; by the schools distributing condoms it is essentially endorsing sex among students. This is completely wrong, the image of the school should not be to endorse sexual activity, but rather to teach the students about its potential dangers and nudge them towards following abstinence. If one truly believes in distributing condoms freely, then schools are not the correct place. Not only does school condom distribution create an unhealthy environment, but there are other places such as health clinics and such that are more appropriate places for birth control devices and will also allow the condoms to reach a wider variety of people besides simply students. If condoms are to be distributed freely to students, why limit them to students and instead distribute them freely to all people? The other qualm that I have regarding the distribution of condoms in school is that there is no guarantee that it will be effective in increasing the usage of condoms among teenagers. Of those teenagers having sex, there are many who do already use condoms, obtaining them by buying them at a pharmacy or some other store. The teenagers who practice unsafe sex are already aware of the existence of condoms and make a conscious decision not to use them. While the distribution of condoms in school will make it easier for these students to obtain condoms should they decide they want to use them, it appears that many of them have made the decision to practice unsafe sex already. There is no guarantee that ready availability of condoms in school will make them more likely to use them. If condoms are not to be distributed in school, then certainly some other measures are necessary to fix the problem of pregnancy and the spread of STD's among teenagers. Rather than in-school condom distribution, I suggest an intense push by educators to teaching their students to follow abstinence. In this era of extremely high levels of STD's, the only truly safe kind of sex is to abstain from having sex altogether. This is exactly what the students should be taught in schools. Most students already have a Health Education class in their school and focusing on abstinence would have a tremendous impact on the level of sexual activity of the average student. This gives the exact opposite message to students that distributing condoms does. Distributing condoms endorses sex whereas teaching the benefits of abstinence teaches students that sex is only appropriate with the correct person at the correct age. The idea of in-school condom distribution has only one benefit but many other factors that indeed make it harmful to the students of that school. There are numerous substitutes for in-school condom distribution that do much to help with the problems of teenage pregnancies and infection by STD's but these solutions have few of the problems caused by condom distribution inside of school.

Standardized Testing essays

Standardized Testing essays These days classrooms are dominated by standardized test. Politicians implement them and students jam for them. Classes seem to prepare the students for these tests. If you dont pass them then you wont be able to graduate, no matter your GPA. These tests are supposed to do measure your general intelligence after reviewing the curriculum of a class. Many believe (including myself) that the tests dont substancially cover the material or are too easy, but theres worse problems with it than what lies within the test itself. Most of the supports of these forms of test believe that its an easy way to measure a childs intelligence but this isnt true. Different people learn different ways, therefore when you force them into a test based form of learning they wont be able to understand the material and not do as well on the tests as they deserve. Another problem with forcing children into the same kind of learning is that they will all start thinking the same way over time. The types of people who learn the same are the types of people who have the same pattern of thought. As the amount of tests increase we will also increase the amount of people who have the general patter n of thought. When this happens we will live in a society with very little change. We increase technologies, not many kinds of systems will change that but the technologies made will be made to fit the current system we live in. An example would be a police force that has much more advanced technologies than our current system but for years that force has been chasing down and unjustly brutalizing them. The society that has everyone thinking the same will not stop police forces from beating the suspected criminals. We are currently on our way to producing drones to society. If you look at the world created by Gorge Orwell in the book 1984, its a world controlled by tyranny, and a wor ...

Definition and Examples of the Zero Copula

Definition and Examples of the Zero Copula In grammar, zero copula refers to the absence of an explicit auxiliary verb (usually a form of the verb be) in certain constructions where it is customarily found in standard English. Also called copula deletion  or understood copula. In their book Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English (Wiley, 2000), John R. Rickford and Russell J. Rickford note that the zero copula is one of the most distinctive and identity-affirming characteristics of ​African-American Vernacular English  (AAVE). Examples and Observations I dont say stuff to people most of the time. Mostly I just look at them like they stupid.(Katherine S. Newman, No Shame in My Game: The Working Poor in the Inner City. Random House, 2000)Why she cant come to me? Fanny asked as she passed Mercy off to a neighbor so she could walk faster. Where she been? Where she at now? Fanny asked, wringing her hands. She knew something was wrong.(Bernice L. McFadden, This Bitter Earth. Plume, 2002)The Zero Copula in African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)One of the most interesting characteristics of AAE is the . . . use of the zero copula. As [William] Labov (1969) has explained, the rule for its use is really quite simple. If you can contract be in SE [Standard English], you can delete it in AAE. That is, since He is nice can be contracted to Hes nice in SE, it can become He nice in AAE. Likewise, But everybodys not black can become But everybody not black. . . .We should note that the zero copula is very rarely found in the speech of whites, even poor southern whites. Not all blacks use it either.(Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) ​\ Factors Governing the Use of the Zero Copula [Toya A.] Wyatt (1991) found that AAE preschoolers were more likely to use zero copula: after pronoun subjects (56%) rather than noun subjects (21%); before locative predicates (35%) and adjective predicates (27%) rather than noun predicates (18%); and in second person singular and plural predicates (45%) rather than third person singular predicates (19%). In addition, the zero copula occurred less than 1% of the time in past tense, first person singular, and final clause contexts. This suggests that as early as three years of age, AAE child speakers not only acquire the basic grammatical features of AAE but also the language-specific variable rules that govern their use (Wyatt 1996).(Toya A. Wyatt, Childrens Acquisition and Maintenance of AAE. Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African American English, ed. by Sonja L. Lanehart. John Benjamins, 2001) I hold Jinggaya. Jinggaya, you all right? I ask. I got bad fear she hurt.Yes, yes, she say. I all right. You all right?(Andrew Parkin, A Thing Apart. Troubador, 2002) Zero Copula and Pidgins Zero copula is probably the single feature most readily associated with pidgins. . . . However, it is not an exclusively pidgin feature by any means. . . . Thus, while zero copula may exist, or have existed at some time, in all pidgins, it is not a feature which distinguishes pidgins from other languages.(Philip Baker, Some Developmental Inferences From Historical Studies of Pidgins and Creoles. The Early Stages of Creolization, ed. by Jacques Arends. John Benjamins, 1995) Suddenly the managers boy put his insolent black head in the doorway, and said in a tone of scathing contemptMistah Kurtzhe dead.(Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, 1903)

Theoretical framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theoretical framework - Essay Example Hence the framework is an evolving design that inspires and facilitates theory and gets inspired and modified by it. The major â€Å"components† of a theoretical framework have been identified and listed as given below by Fitzpatrick and Kazer, 2011): (a) concepts that are identified and defined, (b) assumptions that clarify the basic underlying truths from which and within which theoretical reasoning proceeds, (c) the context within which the theory is placed, and, (d) relationships between and among the concepts that are identified (no page number). Following the method adopted by Schmieding (2006), this researcher has adopted an â€Å"integrative nursing theoretical framework,† a framework that has the many advantages (p.463). The benefit of an integrative theoretical framework is that it can be made as comprehensive as possible through bringing in different aspects of the same topic picked up from different theories and frameworks. The benefits, according to Schmied ing (2006) are that: It serves as a guide for both clinical and administrative decisions, forms the basis of the nursing philosophy, facilitates communication with patients and colleagues, helps identify congruent supporting theories and concepts, provides a basis for educational programmes, helps to differentiate nursing from non-nursing activities, and enhances nurse unity and self-esteem (p.463). My theoretical framework incorporates Callista Roy's adaptation model of nursing and the Orem self-care deficit model developed by Dorothea Orem and also a conceptual approach that nursing profession and education needs to have as their basic ethos, the values of equality and transparent communication (Masters, 2011; Hartweg, 1991). I have integrated these two theoretical frameworks because the Roy model has a patient-centered approach that anchors itself on the patient's adaptive abilities and the Orem model on the other hand focuses on the role of the nursing practitioner, by saying th at it is the role of the nurse to address the self-care deficits of the patient (Masters, 2011; Hartweg, 1991). In this manner, these two frameworks together gives a comprehensive new framework that integrates the role of the patient and the nurse in nursing care. This model thus balances the possible errors involved with top down and bottom up approaches. This model also facilitates proper communication just because in the Roy model and in the Orem model, the nurses have to constantly interact with the patient to find out how the status quo is evolving and what changes in their approach is needed. The Roy model views â€Å"the person as a holistic adaptive system in constant interaction with the internal and the external environment† and observes that â€Å"the main task of the human system is to maintain integrity in the face of environmental stimuli† (as cited in Masters, 2011, p.128). The role of the nurse here is only in a supportive role and â€Å"is to foster s uccessful adaptation† (as cited in Masters, 2011, p.128). The results of successful adaptation is understood as â€Å"optimal health and well-being, (†¦) quality of life, and (†¦) death with dignity† (as cited in Masters, 2011, p.129). This theoretical model has talked about three levels of human

How and Why did The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Essay

How and Why did The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union Escalate from 1945 to 1962 - Essay Example There were deep rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the two countries before World War 2 and these intensified after the war ended. Ideological differences arose from the fact that the 2 countries had apposing systems of government. Power rivalry ensued after the decline of Europe, with power split between the USSR and USA, both seeking to dominate each other. The Yalta-Potsdam Conference, George Kennan’s Telegram, Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Berlin Wall and U2 Crises were events that were largely responsible for increasing the tension between the two super powers and escalating the Cold War. Finally the Cuban Missile Crises, the event at which the world almost witnessed World War III, was the worst event of the War (Cold War 1945-1960). There is no clear indication as to when the Cold War started. The only reason that kept Soviet and the West together as allies was Hitler. They both wanted to eliminate Hitler’s Nazis but for different reason s. Stalin wanted Germany to fall because he did not want events like the Nazi’s invasion of 1941 to repeat whereas the America and Britain wanted Germany to be Capitalist trading partner and a state that could prevent the spread of Communism in Europe. After 1945, conflicts and misunderstandings arose aggravating the situation between the two super powers of the world. Signs of conflicts were seen in the Yalta Conference of February 1945; when the allies sat down to decide how they would Divide Germany after the war. Germany was supposed to be divided into four zones between USA, Britain, France and USSR. Problem arose as to what type of government will be established in Eastern Europe. At the end of the conference, the allies agreed to set up Democratic governments in the countries by holding free elections, but the way the two sides interpreted ‘democracy’ and ‘free elections’ sow the seeds for a future conflict. Five months later the allies met ag ain at Potsdam. The situation in these few months had changed due to a number of factors; Roosevelt (who was pro Stalin) had died and was replaced by an aggressive anti-communist, President Truman, on the other hand Stalin ordered to arrest Poland’s non-communist leader. So the tension about Eastern Europe at Yalta now surfaced as an open disagreement and the outcomes of the conference remained merely the same (Cold War 1945-63). In 1946, George Kennan, a US diplomat stationed at Moscow sent a ‘long telegram’ to America that the Soviets needed to be stopped. The Telegram informed the Americans about the Soviet ideology. This became the basis for America’s Cold War policy against USSR. Truman Doctrine, was introduced as a result of the telegram which meant that the US should stop the further Communist expansion by any means possible. In March of 1946, Winston Churchill gave a speech in which he said that Eastern Europe was dominated by the Soviet’s t otalitarian control and so was cut off from the rest of the world by an ‘iron curtain’. This aggravated the tension so much that Stalin took Churchill’s Speech as a declaration of Cold War. George Marshall, American General after returning from Europe convinced the Congress that the only way to stop the spread of Communism in Europe was to provide economic support to the countries which were very poor and about to turn into Communist States. The Congress

Teddys Supplies CEO Essay Example for Free

Teddys Supplies CEO Essay Mr. Moore it is in my firm opinion that you settle this case so your company can move on and not be impacted on this matter any longer. I feel the longer this plays out the longer your company could suffer financially and publicly. You need to get in front of this and have the press stopped. In my opinion you are looking at worst case scenario of damages by this case could be exponential. You company still has legal fees for any and all attorneys you are hiring to fight this battle. You are having to pay more in Public Relations to stay in the fore front of press. You are not only going to have to pay out money you could possibly lose money. Since the word is out you could lose contracts, and as well as any customers that may do business with you just base on the perception of the company. You will have to pay unemployment charge backs, as well as your unemployment rates are going to increase. If you will look into Case In the Matter of Reuben Starishevsky, Petitioner, v. Hofstra University et al., Respondents. This shows how a company/ organization can lose the appeal and have to reinstate the employee’s job along with back pay. I suggest you look this over and put a game plan together with your attorney on how to overcome in your case. The circuit court overturned the decision of the NJ Human Rights Commission that had found that Pollard was the victim of sexual harassment and disparate treatment. Please answer these questions: Define sexual harassment, including both quid pro quo and hostile environment harassment. Which type(s) do you feel Pollard was a victim of (if either)? Provide law or a case to support your position. If you feel Pollard was not a victim of  harassment in this case, explain why you feel that way, and provide law or a case to support your position. Name an appellate court case in which an employer was found liable for either quid pro quo or hostile environment sexual harassment. Describe the facts of the case and the decision the court came to in the case. Explain whether you think that case applies to Pollards case (why or why not) and whether you would want to use this case in Teddys favor or whether Pollard may use it in her favor. Include the citation to the case and a link to it online. Do you agree that Pollard was disparately treated? Why or why not? In your answer, define disparate treatment. Does the existence of a sexual harassment policy pro vide a defense to Teddys in this case? Why or why not? (Include the name and citation of at least two federal or state sexual harassment cases that provide precedent support to your defense statement.) Quid pro quo harassment typically occurs when a supervisor makes a request for a sexual favor in return for giving an employee an employment-related benefit: a raise, a promotion or a positive job review, for instance. Quid pro quo harassment can consist of a single or numerous sexual advances or demands. Quid pro quo harassment typically occurs when a supervisor makes a request for a sexual favor in return for giving an employee an employment-related benefit: a raise, a promotion or a positive job review, for instance. It may involve a direct or implied threat of retaliation if the employee does not agree to the request. This case should not fall under either case. I do not feel that this is a quid pro quo case due to the fact that there was not a manager involved in the harassment. As well that I do not think that the hostile work environment should hold, due to the fact that this is a reoccurring event with this staff and that she was involved in many acts and not that she had cla imed a case on. In the case of GEORGETTA KINNISON, Plaintiff-Appellant vs. ADVANCE STORES COMPANY, INC., et al., Defendants-Appellees. Facts of the case are that Georgetta filed a complaint against Advanced Auto Parts, and Russell Pitts the store manager alleged that she was offered a job at the store. She compiled all the paperwork to commence her employment. Part of her training she had to come to the store in the morning so she would be familiar to the opening procedures. Once she arrived there the Manager wanted her to engage in other acts of sexual Nature. She then refused and stated she was just wanted to work at Advanced  Auto. Advanced Auto was trying to say that since she did not have hours, she was not technically an employee of the company. The individual who is denied a job because he or she declined to submit to the sexual demands of the potential employer also has standing to bring a claim on a theory of quid pro quo harassment, however, because the denial of employment is an employment decision affecting the individual. See Ohio Admin Code 4112-5-05(J)(7) [**8] 1 . Because of this, status as an employee at the time the sexual demands are made is not necessarily a prerequisite to maintaining a cause of action for gender discrimination on the basis of quid pro quo ha rassment. 2003-Ohio-3387; 2003 Ohio App. LEXIS 3055; 92 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 314. Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic. I think this is case could apply as a defense and they can use it showing that the employee was not sexual harassed quid pro quo. In disparate treatment the employee must show that he or she was treated differently than other employees who dont share the same protected characteristic. Similarly situated the comparable employees were and whether the employer’s decision was made because of the employee’s protected characteristic or for other reasons. I do feel that she was treated differently since she was a female, but I do not think that she opposed this treatment and was having just as much fun as everyone else was. I do not think that she has a case. I feel that if she ultimately felt that they was wrong doing she would have filed a complaint with her supervisor or even filled out the online form when she first encountered the first act. Having a policy does not guarantee that an employer is free from liability i f a harassment case is brought against the company. In Gorzynski v. JetBlue Airways Corp. the Court ruled that that whether a plaintiff’s complaints to the harasser constitute reasonable availment of an employer’s sexual harassment policy is to be determined by the specific facts and circumstances of each case, regardless of there being a policy in place. Review the sexual harassment policy that Teddys has in place and that Virginia Pollard signed. Virginia Pollard claims she had planned to make an anonymous complaint but the website allowing that was down on the day she tried to do so. During the Human Rights Commission case, a review of the website statistics shows that Virginia accessed the website for downloading dental coverage forms at least three times during the time frame of the  alleged discrimination. The commission determined that this ability of Teddys to track employees use of the site was a violation of their anonymity and therefore refused to consider this information. The circuit court did consider thi s in their decision. Provide three recommendations to the CEO for a way to ensure that employees in the future cannot claim technical issues for why they didnt make a complaint. Explain, in your recommendations, the legal consequences to an employee if they do not utilize the complaint mechanism of the sexual harassment policy. Support these recommendations with current case law. In reviewing the policy in place and the chain of commands to which to file a complaint. I can see where there could be some changes. Three recommendations that the company could put into place would be to ensure there is a tracking protocol and log kept of any and all downtime that has occurred with the website, that my hinder people accessing the site. Have another way to file a complaint such as a hotline the employees could call in whether there is a site outage or that an employee may not have internet access. Make sure this is training and a program put into place so the employees both female and male both feel comfortable to file a claim. Make sure they know that in the event they fail to file the correct paperwork or fail to notify a supervisor or upper-management of such event that they forfeit their right to sue the company. Two cases that show this type of implementation is MELODY G. COBB, APPELLANT v. COMMUNITY ACTION COUNCIL FOR LEXINGTON-FAYETTE, BOURBON, HARRISON, AND NICHOLAS COUNTIES, INC. AND WILLIAM F. HINTON, APPELLEES and EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Plaintiff, v. THE FINISH LINE, INC., Defendant. These supervisors did not promote a hostile environment, but have the authority to hire, fire, and discipline the employees as deemed necessary. How would Pollards case be impacted if her replacement had been a female? Would her case be different? Would her damages be different? Explain your answer. I do not think that would change anything in the case. I feel that she would have filed the same suit and the company would be in the same standing even if they hired another female to replace her. I think she is just upset that someone filed a complaint against her and now she is trying to retaliate and say that she was the victim in the situation. If she really felt as though she was a victim she would have initially filed a complaint or told a supervisor. She already had a history of not following  the rules of the company by making personal phone calls while at work.

Museum Collection Essay :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Collection remains the predominant reason for many a museum’s existence. Most museums collect because they believe that objects are important and evocative survival of human civilization worthy of careful study and powerful educational impact. They carefully preserve their holdings as to transmit important information to the present generation and posterity. Art museums are said to concentrate on beauty and their mission is often defined as the direct transmission of the artist’s aesthetic understanding to the beholder through the picture or object. History museums treat artifacts or objects as social documents, and are especially interested in ethnography and social history. Other museums, such as science museums and botanical gardens, focus on gathering specimens for identification or establishing collections of the living.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is fundamental to have a plan when establishing a museum. A museum should pick a certain period or theme for its collection because an encyclopedic one would be too financially difficult. Next, a location must be chosen to house the collection. To determine this, local interest and economy, physical space, and the neighboring museums must be considered. Sports events, theme parks, and neighboring museums can be a competitive factor, but other museums could also be useful for exchanges.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main museum methods for acquisition of objects. Gifts and bequests are the most common kind of collections, with many smaller museums totally dependent on these. A deed of gift is drawn up and the museum tries to ensure that there are â€Å"no restrictions†, so that in the future, there will be no conflicts with the donor’s family. Larger or wealthier museums also acquire objects by purchase from private sources, dealers, or at auction. Items must be determined to be suitable by a number of sources. Exchange or loan is also used to mutually benefit and improve collections. This method allows a museum to save money, free storage space, and increase advertising. Formal exchange is difficult though, because materials to be traded are usually uneven in value, so sale or extended loan is more feasible.

Anaerobic Digestion Technology For Treatment Of Distillery Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

In recent old ages at that place has been a turning involvement in anaerobiotic intervention of effluents. Compared to aerobic growing, anaerobiotic agitation produces much less biomass from the same sum of COD remotion. Alcohol distillery is extremely H2O intensive units bring forthing big volumes of high strength effluent that poses serious environmental jobs. Anaerobic digestion is the most suited option for intervention of high strength organic wastewater. The presence of biodegradable constituents in the wastewaters coupled with the advantages. Considerable advancement has been achieved in the development of high rate anaerobiotic reactors with several constellations for handling concentrated industrial wastewater. Considerable sum of surveies have carried out utilizing Hybrid up-flow anaerobic sludge cover ( HUASB ) reactors. Treatment of exhausted wash generated from the distilleries is perceived as one of the serious pollution job of the states bring forthing intoxicant from the agitation and subsequent distillment of sugar cane molasses. Distillery wastewater is a contaminated watercourse with COD values of up to 80000-1, 30,000 mg/l and low pH Valuess of between 3 to 4. The HUASBR is widely used an effectual measure in taking the COD with a great efficiency. This paper reviews the suitableness and the position of development of anaerobiotic reactors for the digestion of selected organic wastewaters and critically analyzes the procedure parametric quantity for reactors and chief advantages of utilizing HUASBR for intervention of distillery effluent. Keywords: HUASB reactor, anaerobiotic digestion, Distillery spent wash, Wastewater intervention parametric quantities. Introduction One of the most of import environmental jobs faced by the universe is direction of waste. Industrial processes create a assortment of effluent pollutants ; which are hard and dearly-won to handle. Wastewater features and degrees of pollutants vary significantly from industry to industry. Now-a-days accent is laid on waste minimisation and gross coevals through by-product recovery. Rapid industrialisation has resulted in the coevals of a big measure of wastewater with high organic content, which if treated appropriately, can ensue in a ageless beginning of energy [ 2 ] . In recent old ages, anaerobiotic effluent intervention has become a engineering of turning importance, particularly for extremely polluted effluent from the sugar & A ; distillery industries [ 5 ] . Distillery spent wash refers to the wastewater generated from intoxicant distilleries. On an mean 8-15 litres of wastewater is generated for every litre of intoxicant produced [ 1, 4 ] . India has about 319 distilleries ; bring forthing 3.25 billion litres of intoxicant and bring forthing 40.4 billion litres of effluent yearly [ 1 ] . The fabrication procedure involves agitation of diluted sugar cane molasses with barm. The agitation last about 80 hours and ensuing merchandise contains 6-8 % intoxicant. The barm cells are separated by settling and cell free stock is steam distilled and rectified to obtain 94-95 % intoxicant [ 4 ] . The residue of fermented mash which comes out as liquid waste is termed as exhausted wash [ 1 ] . The effluent generated from distillment of fermented mash is in the temperature scope 70-800c, deep brown in colour, acidic in nature ( low pH ) , and has high concentration of organic stuffs and solids. It is a really complex, caramelized and cumbrous agro industrial waste. However the pollution burden of the distillery wastewater depends on the measure of molasses, unit operations for processing of molasses and process recovery of intoxicants [ 1 ] . TABLE ( 1 ) Typical features of distillery spent wash [ 4 ] .Sr. No.ParameterScope1. pH 3.80-4.40 2. Sum Suspended Solids ( mg/lit. ) 12,000-14,000 3. Entire Dissolved Solids ( mg/lit. ) 58,000-76,000 4 Entire volatile solids ( mg/lit. ) 45000-65000 5 B.O.D.,200C, 5 yearss ( mg/lit. ) 45,000-60,000 6 C.O.D. ( mg/lit. ) 80,000-1,30,000 7 Raw-colour Dark- brown 8 Chlorides ( mg/lit. ) 5000-8000 Distillery spent wash has really high BOD, COD and high BOD/COD ratio. The sum of organic substances such as N, K, phosphates, Ca, sulphates is besides really high.. High COD entire N and entire phosphate content of the influent may ensue in eutrofication of the natural H2O organic structure. Disposal of the distillery spent wash on land is every bit risky to the flora it is reported to cut down dirt alkanity and manages handiness, therefore populating seed sprouting. Application of distillery spent wash to dirty without proper monitoring, earnestly affects the land H2O quality by changing its physiochemical belongingss such as colour, pH, electric conduction due to leaching down of organic and inorganic ions. In malice of the fact of that there is the negative environmental impact associated with industrialisation, the consequence can be minimized and energy can be tapped by agencies of anaerobiotic digestion of the waste H2O [ 2 ] . Biological intervention of the distillery spent wash is 8 aerophilic and anaerobiotic but in most instances the combination of both is used. A typical COD/BOD ratio of 1.8to1.9 indicates the suitableness of influent of biological intervention [ 1 ] . In recent twelvemonth considerable attending has been paid toward the development of reactor for anaerobiotic intervention of waste taking to transition of organic molecule into biogas. This reactor known as 2nd coevals reactor or hello rate digester can manage waste at a high organic lading rate of 24kg. COD / M3 twenty-four hours and high up flow speed of 2 mm/h at a low hydraulic keepings clip [ 2 ] . Anaerobic digestion is the most suited option for the intervention of high strength organic wastewaters. The presence of biodegradable constituents in the wastewaters coupled with the advantages of anaerobiotic procedure over other intervention methods makes it an attractive option. 1.1 Development of Anaerobic Reactors: 1. Septic Tank 2. Imhoff Tank 3. Single phase anaerobiotic reactors 4. Anaerobic Filter 5. Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor 6. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ( UASBR ) . High RATE ANAEROBIC REACTORS All modern high rate biomethanation procedures are based on the construct of retaining high feasible biomass by some manner of bacterial sludge immobilisation. These are achieved by one of the undermentioned methods. * Formation of extremely settleable sludge sums combined with gas separation and sludge subsiding, e.g. upflow anaerobiotic sludge cover reactor and anaerobic baffled reactor. * Bacterial fond regard to high denseness particulate bearer stuffs e.g. fluidized bed reactors and anaerobic expanded bed reactors. * Entrapment of sludge sums between packing stuff supplied to the reactor, e.g. down flow anaerobiotic filter and up flow anaerobiotic filter. 2.1. Fixed movie reactor: In stationary fixed movie reactors ( Fig. 1 ) , the reactor has a bio-film support construction ( media ) such as activated C, PVC ( polyvinyl chloride ) supports, difficult stone atoms or ceramic rings for biomass immobilisation. The effluent is distributed from above/below the media. Fixed movie reactors offer the advantages of simpleness of building, riddance of mechanical commixture, better stableness at higher burden rates, and capableness to defy big toxic daze tonss and organic daze tonss. The reactors can retrieve really rapidly after a period of famishment. The chief restriction of this design is that the reactor volume is comparatively high compared to other high rate procedures due to the volume occupied by the media. Another restraint is choke offing of the reactor due to increase in bio-film thickness and/or high suspended solids concentration in the effluent [ 2 ] . Feed storage armored combat vehicle Feed TABLE ( 2 ) Features of reactor types [ 4 ] . Anaerobic Reactor Type Start up period Imparting Consequence Effluent Recycle Gas solid separation Device Carrier Packing Typical Loading rates ( kg COD/m3day ) HRT ( vitamin D ) CSRT— –Not Present Not required Not required Not indispensable 0.25-3 10-60 UASB 4-16 Low Not required Essential Not indispensable 10-30 0.5-7 Anaerobic Filter 3-4 High Not required Beneficial Essential 1-4 0.5-12 AAFEB 3-4 Less Required Not required Essential 1-50 0.2-5 AFB 3-4 Non-existent Required Beneficial Essential 1-100 0.2-5 2.2. Up flow anaerobic sludge cover reactor: UASB engineering is being used extensively for wastewaters from different beginnings such as distilleries, nutrient treating units, tanneries and municipal effluent. The active biomass in the signifier of sludge granules is retained in the reactor by direct subsiding for accomplishing high MCRT thereby accomplishing extremely cost-efficient designs. A major advantage is that the engineering has relatively less investing demands when compared to an anaerobiotic filter or a fluidized bed system. Among noteworthy disadvantages, it has a long start-up period along with the demand for a sufficient sum of farinaceous seed sludge for faster startup. Furthermore, important wash-out of sludge during the initial stage of the procedure is likely and the reactor needs skilled operation. A UASB reactor ( fig. 2 ) basically consists of gas-solids centrifuge ( to retain the anaerobic sludge within the reactor ) , an inflowing distribution system and outflowing draw off installations. Effluent recycle ( to fluidize the sludge bed ) is non necessary as sufficient contact between effluent and sludge is guaranteed even at low organic tonss with the influent distribution system. Besides, significantly higher lading rates can be accommodated in farinaceous sludge UASB reactors as compared to flocculent sludge bed reactors. In the latter, the presence of ill degraded or no biodegradable suspended affair in the effluent consequences in an irreversible crisp bead in the specific methanogenic activity because the spread solids are trapped in the sludge. Furthermore, any important granulation does non happen under these conditions. The maximal loading potency of such a woolly sludge bed system is in the scope of 1-4 kilograms COD/m3 twenty-four hours. Yet another high rate digest er, EGSB, is a modified signifier of UASB in which a 5-10 m/h as compared to 3 m/ H for soluble effluent and 1-1.25 m/h for partly soluble somewhat higher superficial liquid speed is applied effluent in an UASB ) . Because of the higher up flow speeds, chiefly farinaceous sludge will be retained in an EGSB system, whereas a important portion of farinaceous sludge bed will be in an expanded or perchance even in a fluidized province in the higher parts of the bed. As a consequence, the contact between the effluent and sludge is first-class. Furthermore, the conveyance of substrate into the sludge aggregates is much better as compared to state of affairss where the commixture strength is much lower. The maximal accomplishable lading rate in EGSB is somewhat higher than that of an UASB system, particularly for a low strength V & A ; A containing effluent and at lower ambient temperatures. Fig.2 UASB Reactor. 2.3. Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor: In the anaerobiotic fluidized bed ( Fig. 3 ) , the media for bacterial fond regard and growing is kept in the fluidized province by retarding force forces exerted by the up streamlined effluent. The media used are little atom size sand, activated C, etc. Under fluidized province, each media provides a big surface country for biofilm formation and growing. It enables the attainment of high reactor biomass hold-up and promotes system efficiency and stableness. This provides an chance for higher organic burden rates and greater opposition to inhibitors. Fluidized bed engineering is more effectual than anaerobiotic filter engineering as it favors the conveyance of microbic cells from the majority to the surface and therefore enhances the contact between the micro-organisms and the substrate.Fig. 3 Anaerobic fluidized bed reactorThese reactors have several advantages over anaerobiotic filters such as riddance of bed clogging, a low hydraulic caput loss combined with better hydraulic circu lation and a greater surface country per unit of reactor volume. Finally, the capital cost is lower due to cut down reactor volumes. However, the recycling of wastewater may be necessary to accomplish bed enlargement as in the instance of expanded bed reactor. In the expanded bed design, micro-organisms are attached to an inert support medium such as sand, crushed rock or plastics as in fluidized bed reactor. However, the diameter of the atoms is somewhat bigger as compared to that used in fluidized beds. The rule used for the enlargement is besides similar to that for the fluidized bed, i.e. by a high up flow speed and recycling. 2.4 The Anaerobic filter Processes ( AF ) : Biofiltration uses bacterial immobilisation by agencies of sludge of movies on an inert support stuff & A ; the entrapment of sludge flocs within the macro-porous construction of the bearer stuff to retain as much of the active sludge as possible. Particularly designed bearer stuffs are available, normally made of polythene or polypropene. They are extremely voided to cut down the hazard of choke offing & A ; have specific surface between 100 & A ; 200 m2per m3carrier stuffs. Anaerobic filter are used whenever non-granular or non settable sludge is expected & amp ; when available country is limited. The high biomass concentration inside the reactor allows volumetric lading rates of 5to10kg COD/m3per twenty-four hours. A disadvantage of the Anaerobic Filter is the comparative high cost of the bearer stuff. 2.5 The Hybrid Reactor: – Hybrid Type of reactor is a combination of an Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor with an anaerobiotic filter or an anaerobiotic contact procedure or a combination of the three types. The first intercrossed Type of reactor is similar to an UASB, except for the three-phase centrifuge. The centrifuge is replacing by a later of drifting bearer stuff. This material serves a dual map ( 1 ) To divide & amp ; retain a big maps of sludge in the reactor before the influent use the reactor, and ( 2 ) To carries active sludge in the porous infinite of the bearer stuff itself. This type of reactor is called the up flow anaerobic contact filter reactor ( UACF ) The 2nd type of intercrossed reactor has late been developed for waste H2O demoing no granule formation & A ; necessitating a longer hydraulic keeping clip. It is called by up flow Anaerobic contact reactor ( UAC ) .This reactor allows some bio mass accretion in the lower portion of the reactor the reactor is non wholly mix which is instance for the anaerobiotic contact ( AC ) reactor but is equipped with a sophisticated influent distribution system similar to the 1 for the ( UASB ) reactor [ 5 ] . 3. CONTROL OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION The anaerobiotic digestion procedure is affected significantly by the operating conditions. As the procedure involves the formation of volatile acids, it is of import that the rate of reaction be such that there is no accretion of acids, which would ensue in the failure of the digester. This, in bend, is governed by the burden rate and the inflowing strength. Temperature and pH are other of import variables as the methane bring forthing bacteriums are sensitive to these as good. 3.1. Consequence of temperature Anaerobic digestion is strongly influenced by temperature and can be grouped under one of the undermentioned classs: psychrophilic ( 0-20A °C ) , mesophilic ( 20- 42A °C ) and thermophilic ( 42-75A °C ) . The inside informations of the bacterial procedures in all the three temperature scopes are good established though a big subdivision of the reported work trades with mesophilic operation. Changes in temperature are good resisted by anaerobiotic bacteriums, every bit long as they do non transcend the upper bound as defined by the temperature at which the decay rate begins to transcend the growing rate. In the mesophilic scope, the bacterial activity and growing lessenings by one half for each 10A °C bead below 35A °C.Thus, for a given grade of digestion to be attained, the lower the temperature, the thirster is the digestion clip. The consequence of temperature on the first phase of the digestion procedure ( hydrolysis and acidogenesis ) is non really important. The 2nd an d 3rd phases of decomposition can merely be performed by certain specialised micro-organism ( acidognic and methanogenic bacteriums ) and therefore, these are much more sensitive towards temperature alteration [ 3 ] . However, an of import feature of anaerobiotic bacteriums is that their decay rate is really low at temperatures below 15A °C. Therefore, it is possible to continue the anaerobiotic sludge for long periods without losing much of its activity. This is particularly utile in the anaerobiotic intervention of effluent from seasonal industries such as sugar Millss. 3.2. Consequence of pH Anaerobic reactions are extremely pH dependant. The optimum pH scope for methane bring forthing bacteriums is 6.8-7.2 while for acid-forming bacteriums, a more acerb pH is desirable. The pH of an anaerobiotic system is typically maintained between methanogenic bounds to forestall the predomination of the acid-forming bacteriums, which may do V & A ; A accretion. It is indispensable that the reactor contents provide plenty buffer capacity to neutralize any eventual V & A ; A accretion, and therefore prevent build-up of localised acid zones in the digester. In general, sodium-bicarbonate is used for supplementing the alkalinity since it is the lone chemical, which gently shifts the equilibrium to the desired value without upseting the physical and chemical balance of the delicate microbic population. 3.3. Consequence of foods The presence of ions in the provender is a critical parametric quantity since it affects the granulation procedure and stableness of reactors like USAB. The bacterium in the anaerobiotic digestion procedure requires micronutrients and hint elements such as N, phosphoric, sulfur, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, manganese and Cu for optimal growing. Although these elements are needed in highly low concentrations, the deficiency of these foods has an inauspicious consequence upon the microbic growing and public presentation. Methane organizing bacteriums have comparatively high internal concentrations of Fe, Ni and Co. These elements may non be present in sufficient concentrations in effluent watercourses from the processing of one individual agro industrial merchandise like maize or murphies or the effluent derived from condensates. In such instances, the effluent has to be supplemented with the hint elements anterior to intervention. The needed optimum Degree centigrades: Nitrogen: P ratio for enhanced output of methane has been reported to be 100:2.5:0.5. The minimal concentration of macro and micronutrients can be calculated based on the biodegradable COD concentration of the effluent, cell output and alimentary concentration in bacterial cells. The food Concentration in the influent should be adjusted to a value equal to twice the minimum alimentary concentration required in order to guarantee that there is a little surplus in the foods needed. 3.4. Consequence of organic burden rate In anaerobiotic effluent intervention, lading rate dramas an of import function. In the instance of nonattached biomass reactors, where the hydraulic keeping clip is long, overloading consequences in biomass washout. This, in bend, leads to treat failure. Fixed movie, expanded and fluidized bed reactors can defy higher organic burden rate. Even if there is a daze burden ensuing in failure, the system is quickly restored to normal. In comparing to a CSTR system, fixed movie and other affiliated biomass reactors have better stableness. Furthermore, high grade of COD decrease is achieved even at high lading rates at a short hydraulic keeping clip. Anaerobic fluidized bed appears to defy maximal lading rate compared to other high rate reactors. 4. FACTORS GOVERNING REACTOR CHOICE A engineering is acceptable to an industry if it requires less capital, less land country and is more dependable when compared to the other good established options for an anaerobiotic digestion system ; this translates into the procedure being able to run at high organic and hydraulic burden rates with minimal operation and care demands. To take the most appropriate reactor type for a peculiar application, it is indispensable to carry on a systematic rating of different reactor constellations with the effluent watercourse. The organic and hydraulic lading potency of a reactor depends on three factors Viz: *iˆ Amount of active biomass that can be retained by a reactor per unit volume. * Contact chance between the maintained biomass and the entrance effluent. * Diffusion of substrate within the biomass. With these considerations, farinaceous sludge UASB reactor stands out distinctively as the best pick with the lone restrictions being the inclination of granules to drift and shearing of granules at high lading rates. These restraints are besides valid to a lesser grade for affiliated biomass reactors ( such as fixed movie, fluidized bed and rotary biological contactors ) . In add-on, due to the infinite occupied by the media, the affiliated biomass reactors possess relatively lower capacity for biomass keeping per unit volume of the reactor. The latter depends on the movie thickness, which would be the highest in a fluidized bed reactor due to big surface country available for biomass fond regard. Besides, there is better contact between the biomass and the entrance effluent in both fluidized bed and EGSB systems. However, due to the high upflow speed, the substrate diffusion in the biomass is limited in these constellations. Based on these factors, it appears that the maximal accomplishable lading rates with soluble effluent would diminish in the undermentioned sequence: UASB & gt ; EGSB & gt ; fluidized bed reactor & gt ; anaerobiotic filter. The capital cost of the reactors and the land country demands, hence, follows the same order. The digester operation and care demands are minimal if the procedure is reasonably stable towards fluctuations in effluent features and alterations in environmental conditions. Susceptibility of the procedure depends on the possible use of the reactor and therefore a system runing near maximal loading conditions is more sensitive. Based on the comparings of assorted reactor types, the undermentioned order can be recommended for reactor pick: Parameters Rating Operating accomplishments: Fixed movie & lt ; UASB & lt ; RBC & lt ; Fluidized bed. Energy ingestion: UASB & lt ; fixed movie & lt ; EGSB & lt ; fluidized bed & lt ; RBC Capital cost, land demand: RBC & lt ; fixed movie & lt ; UASB & lt ; EGSB & lt ; fluidized bed 5. HUASB REACTOR & A ; ITS PERFORMANCE: The loanblend up flow anaerobic sludge cover ( HUASB ) reactor has received widespread credence and has been successfully used to handle a assortment of industrial every bit good as domestic effluents. In the HUASB procedure, the whole waste is passed through the anaerobiotic reactor in an up flow manners, with a hydraulic keeping clip ( HRT ) of merely about 8-10 hours at mean flow. No anterior deposit is required.COD removal efficiencies depends mostly on effluent type ; nevertheless the remotion efficiency with regard to biodegradable COD is by and large in surplus of 85 or even 90 % . The biodegradable COD is sometimes reflected in the parametric quantity biological O demand ( BOD ) . The four top applications of high rate anaerobiotic reactor systems are for: Breweries & A ; drink industry. Distilleries and agitation industries. Food industries. Pulp & A ; paper industries. Furthermore in warm clime the HUASB construct is besides suited for the domestic effluent. Advantages of Anaerobic Reactors: Low energy cost Less bio-mass coevals Less solid waste to dispose Stable digested sludge is produced Less infinite required Off-gas air pollution eliminated Restrictions of HUASBR: *Post Aerobic Treatment is required ( one twenty-four hours smoothing pool for sewerage ) . *To meet coli signifier degree in the treated wastewater ripening pool or chemical intervention is required. Decision A brief sum-up of consequences of research lab and pilot graduated table surveies extracted from expensive literature study are presented. The HUASBR engineering is good suited for the pre-treatment of high strength distillery wastewaters. It must be noted that this is merely when the procedure has been successfully started up and it is in stable operation. It order to accomplish a consecutive start up it is recommended that the reactor be started up at a low lading rate between 4-8 Kg.COD/m3.day and the COD remotion efficiency must be monitored carefully. Attention must besides be paid to the temperature and high burden rate should non be applied until the temperature in the reactor has reached the recommended 34 to 360c.This particularly of import in outflowing steams that have low flow rate with correspondingly high COD concentration such as distillery waste. Once the works has been successfully started up, fluctuations in volumetric burden rate do non significantly affect the pub lic presentation of the reactor. Recognition The literature reviewed in this paper is the portion of ongoing thesis work name â€Å" Study on public presentation of Tapered conelike shaped intercrossed Upflow anaerobic sludge cover Reactor ( HUASBR ) for intervention of distillery spent wash † at SGB University, Amravati under the counsel of Dr. N. W. Ingole. The writer thanks the Principal, J. T. M. C. O. E. Faizpur, Dist- Jalgaon for widening all installations for carry oning the research work.

Profit Maximization Essay

The company selected for this project is Ingram Micro. It is one of the largest distributors of Information Technology products not only in America but in the whole world as well. Basically, the main modus operandi of the company is to generate income through selling IT products in bulk to large distributors or resellers or in retail to its dedicated special group of resellers. The main distinguishing operation of Ingram Micro in terms of profit generation is that it generates revenues by adjusting in real-time all the products it distributes from the manufacturer to the distributors. Ingram Micro is like a channel so it is crucial that price adjustments will not compromise its ability to earn profits. Technically, the mode of distributing products can be considered elastic in demand curves. This means that any changes or adjustments in the prices of the products won’t have true effect on the demands of the resellers. This is mainly due to the fact that the consumers’ market of IT products can readily adjust to price fluctuations as technology commodities always do. However, if a reseller wishes to order in bulk, Ingram Micro can immediately adjust its profit to save the deal and create more future opportunities with a specific reseller. So in this case demand really drives the profit of the company. On the other hand if one manufacturer is not able to meet the demands of the reseller, Ingram Micro can increase prices for profit maximization without even hurting its reputation among the resellers as the latter always understand the situation that Ingram Micro is simply dependent on how much commodities they can acquire at any given time. On the aspect of company operations, we can say that Ingram Micro has fixed costs of operations on its employees’ salaries, arrangement with delivery companies like FedEx and UPS and the maintenance of network systems and warehouse tax payments. Variable costs may include the cost of technology products for system upgrade, repairs and some unwanted delivery errors charged to the company’s accounts. To illustrate Ingram Micro’s profit maximization, a study on revenue and cost balances can be used. Profit maximization is attained when the marginal revenue starts to equal with marginal cost and projects upward (Wolfram, 2008). Below is a hypothetical data where Ingram Micro is set to reach its profit maximization status.

Chapter Two, Love, Loss and Healing

Chapter Two, Love, Loss and Healing Free Online Research Papers This story of loss, love and healing was based on a true story of Neil Simon and his past wife. The main characters in this story was George whos wife had just passed away and Jennie who just got out of a horrible marriage to man who never treated her quite the way she should have been treated. George was the opposite of Jennie. George lived in central park west in one of New Yorks oldest buildings the rooms were much higher and bigger his place was decorated in a traditional comfortable style large inviting arm chairs and sofa, book cases from floor to ceiling and many pictures of him and his wife his apartment as a kitchen and archway that leads into four other rooms. Jennies apartment was smaller flatter and not as interesting but it was the upper eighties off third avenue, it was very modern, bright, attractive and cheerful, she had a small kitchen and she lived alone so it was single bedroom. They were complete opposites, but they found something in each other that they didnt ha ve any longer since jennie had just got out of a marriage and George had just lost the love of his life. George walks into his apartment late one evening after coming home from a vacation Leo his brother fallowing in after begins to realize that George as a lot of healing to do. His wife had just passed away from cancer and he went on a trip to Europe to try to get a little time to deal with his wife that had passed away. After he came home after those couple of weeks of being away in Europe, there were still letters coming in of condolences for his wife. George received a letter from a Mary Ann Patterson who was a hair dresser in the salon Barbara used to go to and he had never knew about her. Leo tells his brother that he feels that he should have stayed in Europe for another month just so he could be away from the whole situation for a bit longer. George got upset with Leo because he felt the Leo expected him just to come home and completely forget about his wife of twelve years and on top of his wife passing away his trip really didnt help much It was, perhaps, the dumbest trip i ever took in my whole life. London was bankrupt, Italy was on strike, France hated me, Spain was still mourning from Franco.why do Americans go to grief-stricken Europe when theyre trying to get over being stricken with grief ( chapter two, copyright 1978, 1979 by Neil Simon page 4). When he was explaining his trip to Leo he would walk around Europe as if Barbara wasnt dead, he kept thinking that this whole thing was a joke and Barbara wasnt really dead, she was in London waiting for George, it was like a romantic fantasy: the whole world thinks shes gone but they meet in London and they secretly live there lives. George new that she would have thought of something clever and sweet like that, but Leo let his brother know that Barbara didnt think of that he did. While George was on his trip he became very mad at Barbara â€Å" How dare she do a thing like this to me? I would never so a thing like that to her. Never! Like a nut, walking up the Via Veneto one night, cursing my dead w ife†(9). Leo his younger brother wanted to do everything in his power to help his brother become stronger but no matter how hard he tried it was like he couldnt do anything he felt completely helpless and was angry he couldnt do anything about the situation. But he was going to give his brother his time and then when the time was right he was going to let his brother have the time of his life. Jennie Malone walks into her apartment in mid February on a bitter cold after noon, shes a very attractive women in her early thirties and right behind her comes in Faye Medwick, they had just come back from a trip. Faye was complaining that the cabi charged them way to much. They walk into Jennies apartment and it was like she never left she had someone come in and water the plants fill her fridge and turn on the heat before she got home. Jennie walked in her own house and could still smell his nastiness. â€Å"I can still smell the ghost of Guss cigar. God what a cheap thing to be haunted byhe probably came by to pick up the rest of his clothes†(pg.13). Guss was not a good person to jennie so when she came home and the smell of him was still in her house it was like horror was all around her. Faye began to discuss her relationship with her husband Sidney and gets distracted by a naked women across the way. She continues on about how wonderful womens bodies are and if jenni e had ever fantasized about doing something with a women! Jennie was not about to deal with Faye trying to make advances at her. But Faye carries on and goes â€Å"Its just that sometimes I watch Sidney drooling over those Dallas cowboy cheerleaders, and I was wondering what I was missing in lifeMaybe I never should have left Texas†(pg.14). Jennie asked what had gone wrong?. Faye continued that her husband wasnt as affectionate as the couple they had gone out to dinner with but they had also said that they didnt realize how to enjoy other till now and they were married twenty years. Faye felt like she was walking on egg shells with her husband she can never be completely honest because shes afraid of what he would say. Jennie tells her â€Å"Oh god that infuriates me. Why are we so intimidated? I wasted five lousy years living with Gus trying to justify the one good year I had with himbecause I wouldnt take responsibility for my own life. Dumb! Youre dumb, jennie malone! All of uswe shouldnt get alimony we should get the years back. Wouldnt it be great if just once the judge said, â€Å"i award you six years, three months, two days and custody of your former youthful body and fresh glowing skin†!. Jennie is very bitter and upset about her whole divorce and tells Faye to leave, so she can lay in bed and try to remember her maiden name. George receives a phone call from Mrs Zorn she is wanting to have dinner with George and he doesnt seem to to the right way to let her down easily. Leo rings the door bell and George lets him know whats going on. Leo thinks he should go on a date with her but George thinks other wise he lets her know that he wants to be honest and that hes not ready to go on dates yet â€Å" well yes in a manner of speaking we are in the same boatBut we don†t necessarily have to paddle together.. I think we have to go up out own streams†(18) . She is very persistent and continues to wonder if eventually they could meet up and he said that maybe if he reconsiders they would be able to meet up. George is baffled he can not believe how many women are so frank about calling him and letting him know that they had just recently been widowed or divorced and they wanted a date with him. Leo tells him â€Å"Listen, George, next to Christmas,loneliness is the biggest business in America†(p g.19). Leo also let him know that George was probably not the only man she had called She was probably just at the Georges. George found that very sad of how lonely these women are, and Leo agreed with him but he also let him know that â€Å"It is my job to brighten up the place. I am Gods interior decorator, and he has sent me to paint you two coats of happiness†(pg. 19). George could not believe what he was hearing his brother was trying to set him up on another date. George let him know he wasnt interested because the last date was a disaster. â€Å"Look at me, Leo. Im a nice, plain, regular person who eats fruit and wears slippers. What makes you think Im going to like a jazzy blonde who dyes a zigzag streak of dark blue in her hair? She looked like the cover of a record album.†(20). He was not going to except any dates from Leo any more but even though George had said No! Leo insisted and left the number there for him to eventually call, if he wanted! Jennie is packing to go home to Cleveland and the phone rings, its Gus and they have a very short yet good talk since they we civil towards each other. Jennie thought it was necessary to let Gus know she was sorry, before the tears began to form. Faye walks in directly after and is ecstatic, â€Å" well two miracles happened last night at â€Å"21† The producer of at the world turns saw me at the table called me today and offered me a part†. Jennie is very happy for her the continue to discuss the character she would be playing. Then Jennie asked what the second miracle was and Faye asked her if she remembered the man Leo Schneider who she dated when she first moved to New York who has a brother with is recently widowed. Jennie wasnt listening â€Å"I am packing. If you dont know this is packing, how will you learn to play a cello?†. Jennie was being sarcastic with Faye because she didnt care the she met this man nor did she want to date around yet. Faye was being persistent and told jennie he was a novelist who wasnt gorgeous yet had a very sweet look to him. Jennie said that what Faye was doing was very sweet and she appreciated it she just wasnt interested. Jennie leaves to go home to Cleveland as the phone rings Faye tries to bargain with her. But she just will not have it! After Jennie got back from her long trip from Cleveland, the phone rang immediately as she enter she picked up and it was George Schneider he had accidentally called Jennie he was meaning to call Mrs Jurgens the old librarian. As the continued to talk George told her he was meaning to call just not right now then they started to discuss what they did for a living and where they went to college and they realized they both enjoyed each others discussions. So, George decided to be a little spontaneous yet still placing the reason for wanting to see each other on Faye and Leo, saying â€Å"just hear me out. What if we were to meet for just five minutes we could say hello,look each other over, part company and tell Leo and Faye that they have fulfilled their noble mission in life†(pg36). And he asked if she wanted to meet, right now. She was a little hesitant but she agreed. As she was waiting she called Faye she was nervous and needed some kind of advice, yet Faye wasnt much h elp since Jennie had to get off the phone so quickly because George was going to be there soon. He arrived, she pixed herself up quickly and opened the door and there he was standing there George thought Jennie was stunning and it seem like they instantly connected they continued to talk and had a glass of wine with each other and found they were both very fond of each other and George asked if she would like to go on a â€Å"real† date together and she simply said yes! Faye was noticing something different about Jennie she had been spending a lot of time with this new guy. â€Å"Four nights in one week, hes got to be someone special. Who is he, Jennie? Have I met him? Oh God. I hate it when Im left out of things!(Jennie come out, shows off her new backless dress) Its gorgeous I love everything but the price tag.†(51) Faye wanted to know every detail but and Jennie let her know it was George Schneider and she was head over heals for him. She was so nervous to tell anyone because she was so nuts for him she thought they were going to think she was crazy and put her in an institution for the over- emotional! But Jennie cut the conversation short she would be late for there date if she didnt. During there meal George became ill and passed out, just like in the film Shadowland the main character Jack is a middle aged man who begins discovering the joy of being alive and happy juts like George was going through at dinner with Jennie as she began to rub his hand. She took him home and began to take care of him he was so embarrassed he didnt know what to think. She made him comfortable took his shoes off but had to be gentle because George let her know his feet were very sensitive and she told him that she had dealt with sweaty feet before it was no big deal! George told jennie he was very grateful on how she took care of him, he never new fish could make him pass out. Then they began a conversation on it wasnt the fish everything there feeling is mutual and its okay to feel like that, George couldnt forget about Barbara and jennie was okay with that and let George know she would be with him every step of the way. He kept saying that this kind of thing doesnt happen twice in one life time, George was just lucky enough to have love happen twice. They felt as if they could trust each other and as if they were in a relationship for years not only a couple weeks. George realized Jennie would do anything for him â€Å"George: Really? Would you Knit me a camels-hair overcoat? Jennie: With or without the humps?Why did it scare you so, George? We were sitting there touching hands, and you suddenly broke into a cold sweat†.(56). George learned that Jennie just wanted him to be happy as so did he for Jennie. George realized after that night that he wanted to spend the rest of his life with Jennie and they were to be married Monday a little over two weeks after they had met. He told his brother Leo about the great news but Leo was not very happy about the situation he felt that Georges heart had not healed yet and that it was wrong for him to jump into a marriage so soon after his wife Barbara had passed away. But George found nothing wrong with the marriage and he wasnt going to end what he felt because his brother didnt think it was right. George brought up the fact that Barbara and him got married only eight weeks after they were married, Leo begged and pleaded and asked if George could just give it one month and if him and Jennie feel the same that they should be married and live there lifes happily. Leo just felt that George should not be opening another door when the last door was not closed yet. George tells his mother about Jennie and Jennie is ecstatic to finally talk her. The discuss the marriage a little and how he was nice to talk to each other finally. After the talk with Georges mother Jennie goes home to find Faye and she lets Jennie in on a little secret yet still keeping in a secret. She told Jennie that she was having an affair but would not mention the name. Jennie tells Faye that having an affair is a little extreme but she is a grown women and is capable of making her own decisions even if they may be a erratic. After Faye and Jennie ended there talk Leo came in to discuss how he felt about the George and her getting married he wasnt happy about it and told Jennie how George feels about his wife who passed away and told her that he still feels that George needs some time for healing still. â€Å"No, maybe youre right, Leo. Maybe George really hasnt dealt with Barbaras death yet. And maybe I havent asked enough questions. I can only deal with one thing at a ti me. Let me experience my happiness before I start dealing with the tragedies even if there were no Barbara to deal with, this is scary enough. And Im goddamned petrified.†(86) Jennie let Leo know that he wasnt the only one scared and was dealing with this she was also. After there talk Leo went to see George but was hiding what he and Jennie had discussed. George and Jennie got married and it wasnt has happy as they both thought it would be. George was having a very hard time trying to figure out if this was right and Jennie couldnt contain her happiness. As they left for there honeymoon in much distress. Faye and Leo even though they were both married decided to begin an affair. The reason why Faye picked Leo was because when she had first moved to New York he was her first man and made her feel at home. When George and Jennie come back from there honey moon there was a lot of tension in the air. George didnt want to be around Jennie and Jennie had no clue why. They begin to argue and Jennie finds out a lot of thing about George she read in a magazine once that you can tell a lot about a person by looking in his fridge which was empty and cold but she also realized that George was empty and cold himself. George wanted to know more about Gus Jennies ex husband and Jennie wanted to know more about Barbara they realized they had just got married yet they know nothing about each other. George compared everything the whole time they were together to Barbaras and his marriage, and Jennie let him know that Barbara may have been a big part of his life but she was not going to change to be like Barbara because thats what he wanted. â€Å" Then what do you want? bitterness? Anger? Fury? You want me to stand toe to toe with you like Barbara did? Well, Im not Barbara. And Ill be damned if Im going to re-create her life, just to make my life work with you. This is our life now, George, and the sooner we start accepting that, the sooner we can get on with this marriage†(102). George told Jennie he resents her for everything and told her he missed Barbara terribly and resent her most of all because he couldnt tell her that. George told jennie he need to make a trip to California to do a movie on his book but he failed to tell her when he had found out two weeks ago. She was shocked and hurt and wanted to know why? He said â€Å"I had know reason to go two weeks ago†(117). There fight had pushed him over the edge and he need to go somewhere to clear is mind, so she helped him! She threw his bag out of the house and told him she didnt understand. He let her know he was still crazy about her he wants hes just stuck in a rut and needs to get out and staying here was not an option. So he left and came back just as soon. Jennie was almost in tears and realized tha t he was back he loved her and was really absolutely crazy about her. He apologized and she couldnt believe he was home again. All she wanted was him embrace her and to let her know he was ready to move on with there marriage. She asked him â€Å"well what are you waiting for your place or mine?† and he replies with â€Å"Neither. I think we have to find a new one called â€Å"Ours†.†(132) this part of the story reminded me of Noah and Ally in The Notebook because Ally came back to Noah because thats who her heart belonged to. Chapter Two was a love story of how to work at something you want just like any love. Thats why I compared it to The Notebook by Nicholas sparks and Shadowland by C.S Lewis they were love story where you had to work and dig and find what you wanted to make yourself happy in the end. Research Papers on Chapter Two, Love, Loss and HealingHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMind TravelNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Trailblazing by Eric Anderson