The Tale of Genji by Lady Muraski Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tale of Genji by Lady Muraski - Essay Example The topic of adoration dependent on sex will be inspected in this paper. This story spins around Hikaru Genji, the child of an Emperor. Genji is deprived of his imperial height and power to live like an ordinary person. So all through the story Genji has a regal manner, yet compelled to live as normal Imperial fighter. Genji is attractive. He likewise has an amazing persona. In one section of the book, Genji sees an exposed lady in a window. He enters the room and takes part in relations with the lady. The lady didn't dissent since he had such a ground-breaking nearness. Genji comes into contact with numerous ladies. Genji purports love for various kinds of ladies. From a princess, courtesan, and even spouse Genji adores them all in their own specific manner. He has been with a princess, orderly, and even a few ladies named skipper after their father’s rank. Since there is a huge number of ladies, just the most significant ladies adored by Genji will be analyzed here. In this novel, ladies are viewed as assets or prizes. Indeed, even his own little girls or mother must be offered help by a man. Woman Kiritsubo, Genji’s mother, was upheld by the Emperor. Anyway since her dad was dead, she endured because of different courtesans. This made her bite the dust an unexpected passing. Due to the next concubines’ desire, Genji was made an ordinary person through legislative issues. In spite of the fact that Genji doesn't cherish Lady Kokiden, his mother’s adversary, she shows how a lady can accomplish power through a man’s love. After Genji’s father passed on, Lady Kokiden’s child accomplishes power as ruler. Through her son’s love and regard, Lady Kokiden has the ability to convince the head. This is one way a lady can come to control. The intensity of an emperor’s mother was constantly viewed as the most noteworthy a lady could accomplish. Genji couldn't care less on the off chance that he lays down with another man’s spouse or courtesan. One of Genji’s extraordinary loves is his own stepmother, Lady Fujisubo. Woman Fujisubo was the past emperor’s little girl. In this manner she

Management Essay -- essays research papers

     The Hayakawa family had a child named Mark, who was determined to have Down’s disorder. The family needed to keep the youngster however were disheartened and exhorted not to by specialists. They felt diversely about the circumstance. They felt their kid lived on adoration, which was something they realized they could give a lot of. The family was not certain about the experts’ sees since they appeared to have an absence of information regarding the matter and it appeared just as they minded less then they thought about the disease.      The family chose to keep mark at home with them, not standardized. He had the opportunity to develop and the individual consideration that is important to create in a sound circumstance. The Hayakawas felt that keeping Mark home was a smart thought. He lit up their lives as well as their children’s lives also. Imprint could discover euphoria in straightforward things, which can frequently reflect onto others. Imprint was fit for tolerating things as they were more so than a great many people of â€Å"normal† insight. The whole family profited by the experience of living with Mark by figuring out how to accept circumstances. The family learned persistence and resistance through helping Mark traverse every day. Their availability to manage Mark persisted into a general strategy for managing individuals. Imprint caused them to feel exceptional.      The family profited by not following the headings given to them by the specialists. They felt as thou... The board Essay - articles look into papers      The Hayakawa family had a child named Mark, who was determined to have Down’s condition. The family needed to keep the youngster yet were disheartened and exhorted not to by specialists. They felt distinctively about the circumstance. They felt their kid lived on affection, which was something they realized they could give a lot of. The family was not certain about the experts’ sees since they appeared to have an absence of information regarding the matter and it appeared as if they minded less then they thought about the sickness.      The family chose to keep mark at home with them, not organized. He had the opportunity to develop and the individual consideration that is important to create in a solid circumstance. The Hayakawas felt that keeping Mark home was a smart thought. He lit up their lives as well as their children’s lives too. Imprint could discover happiness in straightforward things, which can frequently reflect onto others. Imprint was fit for tolerating things as they were more so than a great many people of â€Å"normal† knowledge. The whole family profited by the experience of living with Mark by figuring out how to accept circumstances. The family learned persistence and resistance through helping Mark get past every day. Their availability to manage Mark continued into a general technique for managing individuals. Imprint caused them to feel uncommon.      The family profited by not following the bearings given to them by the specialists. They felt as thou...

Outbox January 27, 2017

Inbox/Outbox January 27, 2017 Inbox (Books Acquired) We Have No Idea: A Guide to the Unknown Universe by Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson (Riverhead, May 7th) A roboticist/comics guy and a physicist have written a new illustrated guide to everything we dont know about the universe! Lets all read books about science, ok? Because science is real and important. Outbox (Books Finished) The Winter People by Jennifer McMahonMy feelings, they are so mixed. This narrative is propulsiveyoull read and read and read and continue reading, no matter how you feel about whats happening, because you have to know whats going on. But in the end, I couldnt shake the feeling that I was just reading  Pet Sematary set in 1908, and there were someawkward racial issues that were pretty distracting and ultimately spoiled the whole experience for me. In the Queue (What I’m Reading Next) Double Bind: Women on Ambition, edited by Robin Romm (Liveright, April 11) This upcoming collection of essays from women on the concept of ambition (and why women are so often afraid to claim that they are ambitious) includes pieces from Roxane Gay, Molly Ringwald, and Pam Houston (whose essay Ive already read, its predictably excellent). This is going to be my bedside table, one-essay-a-night read for awhile. The Jumbies by Tracy BaptisteI find myself gravitating towards middle grade fiction about adventurous girls in times of stress, so its probably safe to say Ill be reading a lot of middle grade fiction about adventurous girls for the next four years/whenever Trump gets impeached. And this ones based on Caribbean folklore! Lets do it.

Thai Education - 1201 Words

Topic: Education: â€Å"Bad Way† to a â€Å"Future Life† Authored by: Patara Preechavith, HR Officer, True Corporation Applied to: One Young World 2015 Having greater opportunity to achieve such a more competitive life in professional settings always lie a belief to me that I have to invest in education, by graduate with the best score. The bad news is that I have been doing this the wrong way. For sixteen years until I graduated my bachelor’s degree, I was fostered since I studied in high school that copy-and-paste behavior is something ordinary and needs no concern with. This offer such an easy method for Thai students to complete their assignments by selecting any favorite contents from website and use them straightforwardly. However,†¦show more content†¦School should design an elective subject offering students a generic knowledge and practical work experiences that aimed to prepare students for their future career such as marketing, economic or psychology as a basis, besides fundamental subjects. This will benefit student in giving them a freedom to find a subject that is compatible with their interests to study and most importantly give them an opportunity to discover and draw their own career. A big considering factor that should also be highlighted is a problem of classroom management and teacher quality. In public school, for example my school, there is a minimum of 40 students per class so it is difficult for teacher to focus on large number and cannot cover them all with a lot of content in a day. Regularly, the students who are the brightest, classified by their grade, will be ranked and united them into the same classroom, while others who get a lower score will be in a different classroom. I think this should be a key concern that teacher seems to focus more on the top rank students in order that those students are likely to have a better future, while less taking care of weaker students. Therefore, I think it is time for a change. Those weaker students must have an individual counseling hour at least two times a week by their assistant teacher with an objective to give students an advice to get a better performance outcome. Plus, it would be more comfortable forSho w MoreRelatedThai education system needs to be reformed500 Words   |  2 PagesThai education system needs to be reformed We have so many problems in Thailand but â€Å"Thai education system† is the main problem of Thailand. That’s the problem for a long time since educations of Thailand begin. We have many lessons but the knowledge gained back a little. And we did not have only one problem. Education problems are the chain to the other problems because education is the main thing to develop the children and the children will become to the adult in the future. Thai education systemRead MorePeople And The Thai Born Talent That Hit The Fashion Runway1481 Words   |  6 PagesThailandese Americans and the Thai-born Talent that Struck the Fashion Runway Within the last few decades, there has been a great influx of Asians who have migrated to the United States. In 1985, Asian immigrants made up less than half of the total immigrant population, many of which have settled in New York City and California. The â€Å"selective phenomenon† known as migration has been impelled by the â€Å"demographic, economic, social and psychological attributes† of the location (Desbarats 305). MigrationRead MoreThailand Economic Analysis Essay6406 Words   |  26 Pagesinvestment and made the Thai economy an ideal host for foreign investment. As industry expanded, many Thai people who previously had worked in agriculture began to work in manufacturing, slowing growth in the agriculture sector. Meanwhile, manufacturing growth spurred the expansion of service sector activities. In the early 1990s a series of economic policy reforms introduced by the Thai government made it easy and attractive for foreign banks to offer loans to Thai banks. The Thai banks used the capitalRead MoreOn How My Travel Experiences Changed My Views of Life762 Words   |  3 PagesSOAP! I thought to myself, not money or food, but soap? Something I had taken for granted my whole life. In my many discussions with the locals I learned they were very educated, most of whom were doctors and environmental or corporate lawyers. Education is free in Cuba and homes are also provided for free, therefore, many Cubans go to University for many years The system is such that a Doctor makes as much as a retailer and immigration policies to North America are very strict so most can only goRead MoreMigration On A Global Scale1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthat oversee who enters and leaves. There are three stages of migration that Thais experienced. The first stage, known as the pioneer migration, erupted during the post war decades where only educated middle class crossed borders. Group migration was due to American immigration laws. Mass migration led way during the late 1980s to present times where Thai people were steered to the States for economic opportunities. The Thai immigrants were different from other Asian immigrants; they were â€Å"younger,Read MoreGlobalization in Thai1612 Words   |  7 Pagesdisadvantages, this topic is very interesting to study. For this reason, I will discuss the effects of globalization on Thailand, which is the place I was born, and why does it bring more benefits than detriments to my country. Moreover, how it affects the Thai economy and culture is the main focus. This essay will be divided into 4 main parts: the description of globalization, what causes globalization, the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, and the e ffects of globalization in Thailand. The lastRead MoreEducation Requirement For My Homeschooling Curriculum1084 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the entrance, my expectations were not that I would find a new start, new friends, or a new me. Little did I know, that would be exactly what happened. Joining the gym was less out of interest or want, but instead to fulfill the physical education requirement for my homeschooling curriculum. I entered as someone who was full of with pain, doubt, and fear; I exited filled with love, strength, and hope. Admittedly, I was apprehensive attending the initial class. I recall walking in unsteadilyRead MorePestel analysis of Thailand Essay4610 Words   |  19 PagesDemocratic Republic The Kingdom of Cambodia Malaysia PESTLE ANALYSIS OF THAILAND NATIONAL FLAG AND SYMBOL Thailand has several symbols that clearly represent the Thai nation, which, apart from the national tricolor flag and the national emblem, are the national flower, national animal, and Thai architecture. NATIONAL FLAG The Thai national flag, or the Trairong – tricolor flag – is composed of five horizontal bands of red, white, and blue. The outer red bands represent the nation, built andRead MoreQuestions On Products And Services1988 Words   |  8 PagesSelected products or services Selected products or services weakness Why it is important to discuss weakness when describing products Pad Thai Pad Thai is not a soup based noodles and is seen as down side for some people. If customers don t know that Pad Thai doesn t have soup like many other noodles soups, they can be disappointed when discovering that Pad Thai is a dry noodles dish. Chilli Basil Not suitable for people who do not like it very spicy. If the customer does not know chili basil.Read MoreLow Cost Airline1748 Words   |  7 PagesAir is a low cost airline in Thailand. Destinations of the flight are served within domestic with affordable price. Thai Airways International Public Company Limited holds 39% joint venture with the company. Thai Commercial Securities Co., Ltd. (Thai commercial banks. Co., Ltd. (Thailand), CPB Equity Company Limited (Crown Property Bureau) and other shareholders include Krung Thai Bank (Thailand) holds 10%, Dhipaya Insurance Company Limited (Thailand) holds 10%, Pension Fund holds 10%, King Power

Lack Of Privacy On The Internet - 1404 Words

There seems to be no legal issue today that cuts so wide a swath through conflicts confronting American society like privacy. From AIDS tests to wiretaps, polygraph tests to computerized data bases, the common denominator has been whether the right to privacy outweighs other concerns of society. And with more and more people using the Internet, more and more information being passed over the Internet, more problems arise. The Internet has been an advantage in technology that has greatly increased the capacities of a computer. These new capacities have been the cause of some serious problems though. One very important trouble is the lack of privacy on the Internet. People pass so much important information over the Internet and they expect it to be safe from others. Information passed over the Internet can in fact be intercepted and read by other people. For many years, people have been oblivious to the lack of privacy with more and more information being passed through, people want something to ensure their privacy. Especially when it comes to certain actions like accepting terms and services which are routine but dismissed, when in fact, they should be heavily regarded. Privacy matters because Cooperation, unity and compromise are needed to resolve the growing tension between security and privacy. Some believe security, at the expense of privacy, is un-American and unconstitutional. Others say security must take precedence over all to ensure the safety of theShow MoreRelatedThe Lack of Privacy over the Internet1375 Words   |  5 PagesIt is apparent, that privacy is becoming less of a factor to people now days and technology contributes to it. Technology is a big part of the problem in many ways. 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Individuals should have the right to protect themselves as much as possible from privacy invasion and shouldnt have to give in to lowered standards of safety being pursued by the government.    EncryptionRead MoreInternet Negative Effects891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is a technology that has negative impacts on our daily lives. It has changed aspects of our life for the last 50 years, and it has demonstrated the considerable influence on people’s lives. Almost 3.2 billion people in the world use the internet. The Internet has gained acceptance across the globe, and it has also become central to the critical changes experienced in today’s society. Some of the changes are social isolation, health disorder, a lack of privacy and internet addiction.Read MoreThe Negative Effects Of The Internet On Human Life761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet on Human Life The Internet is a technology that has negative impacts on our daily lives. It has changed aspects of our life for the last 50 years, and it has demonstrated the considerable influence on people’s lives. Almost 3.2 billion people in the world use the internet. The Internet has gained acceptance across the globe, and it has also become a reason behind the critical changes in the modern society. Some of the changes are social isolation, health disorder, lack of privacy andRead MorePrivacy, Secrecy, And Reputation1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe internet, some people argue that privacy no longer exists. From the 2013 revelations of government surveillance of citizens’ communications to companies that monitor their employees’ internet usage, this argument seems to be increasingly true. Yet, Harvard Law professor Charles Fried states that privacy, â€Å"is necessarily related to ends and relations of the most fundamental sort: respect, love, friendship and trust† (Fried 477). However, Fried is not arguing that in a world where privacy, in itsRead MoreOnline Communities Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagesshare something in common. This makes going on the internet seem like an odd way to find more communities, form new ones, or strengthen pre-existing ones. The internet however is full of communities. Communities can be based upon religion, location, ethnicity, an interest, or a personal matter. The internet itself is â€Å"a global distributed data communications network† (Kirmayer, Raikhel, Rahimi, 2013, p. 166). This is what makes the internet so full of communities because communication is theRead MoreThe Issue Around Internet Privacy1334 Words   |  6 Pages In more recent years, the issue around Internet privacy is something that has been brought to everyone s attention. In today s society everything is based around social media and online shopping. By doing this people are making their information easily accessible for people t o use. People document their whole lives on social media making it much easier for people to find information, that some may consider private, about them. When people post a picture with a location attached to it they thinkRead MoreWhy Personal Information Is Risky On The Internet And The Situation Of Information Security1422 Words   |  6 PagesWith the development of internet technology, society has been pushed compulsorily into a ‘big data’ period(Craig and Ludloff,2011).†Big data refers to the massive amounts of data collected over time that are difficult to analyze and handle using common database management tools† (http://www.pcmag.com). Not only the development strategy of the government and enterprises, but also threaten citizens’ personal information security. There are significant issues increases rapidly due to this environmentRead MoreInternet And The World Wide Web990 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Privacy The term Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are words that not only are familiar to people all over the globe but their technology is ubiquitous. Aside from the availability of the Internet, several spin-off technologies have been possible such as mobile Internet service via the mobile telephone, PDA or even â€Å"netbooks† – those subnotebooks that are small-sized, low-cost and lightweight optimized for mobile Internet access and core computing functions. No doubt, it is difficultRead More Internet Shopping Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Shopping The Internets popularity has dramatically escalated over the past few years and has become an integral part of daily life. It has wide spread uses ranging from obtaining information, downloading files, business advertisement to Internet commerce, which plays a major part in Internet practice. Our social structure is pressuring society to connect to the Internet, with schools world wide becoming more Web based and universities now have lectures, which can be solely viewed over

Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Play Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This chapter dealt with literature mention sing curative drama and painful processs and surveies related to Gate Control Theory. This chapter besides dealt with conceptual model of Melzack and Wall ( 1965 ) Gate Control Theory. CHAPTER-III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the methodological analysis selected for measuring the effectivity of curative drama on degree of hurting during endovenous canulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Play Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The function of methodological analysis consists of processs and techniques of carry oning a survey. ( Sharma,1990 ) Methodology is a important portion of the research under which the research worker is able to project a bluish print of the research undertaken RESEARCH APPROACH The subdivision of research attack is the basic process for carry oning a research question. In position of the nature of the job selected and aims to be accomplished, a quantitative appraising research attack was considered appropriate to measure the effectivity of curative drama before making endovenous canulation among kids admitted in selected infirmary, Salem. RESEARCH DESIGN Research design is the overall program for turn toing research worker ‘s inquiries including specification for heightening the survey ‘s unity. ( Polit and Beck, 2004 ) Choice of design is based on the intent of the survey. The research design adopted for the survey was Non-equivalent Post trial merely control group design. Group Day 1 Experimental group X O1 Control group O1 Fig-3.1: Conventional representation of research design Keies: Ten: Intervention on curative drama. O1: Post-test merely to measure the degree of hurting during endovenous canulation. VARIABLES UNDER STUDY: A variable is a mensurable or potentially mensurable constituent of an object or event that may fluctuate in quality or measure from one person, object or event to another single object or event of the same general category. ( Basavanthappa, 1998 ) The variables under the survey was the followers, Independent variable: Harmonizing to Polit and Hungler, ( 1999 ) the independent variable is believed to care or act upon the behavior and thoughts. In this survey the independent variable refers to curative drama before making endovenous canulation. Dependent Variable: The dependant variable is the variable, the research worker is interested in understanding, explicating and predating. ( Polit and Hungler, 1999 ) In this survey the dependant variable refers to the degree of hurting during endovenous canulation among kids. Extraneous Variable: The variables that are present in research environment which may interfere with research findings by moving as unwanted independent variable. ( Woods and Khan, 1994 ) In this survey it refers to selected demographic variables such as age in old ages, gender and behavioral response to endovenous canulation. Setting OF THE STUDY: The scene of the survey is the physical location and status in which information aggregation takes topographic point. ( Polit and Hungler, 2009 ) The survey was conducted in Pranav Hospital, Salem. It is located near to New Bus Stand and about 2kms distance from the establishment, where the research worker is analyzing. The infirmary is 150 stratified multi forte infirmary with 30 bed in Paediatric unit. Population: Harmonizing to Polit and Beck. , ( 2004 ) population is the full collection of instances in which a research worker is interested. Population may be of two types, accessible population and mark population. In this survey two are described. Target Population: It refers to the population that the research worker wishes to do a generalization. In this research the mark population was kids acquiring admitted in Pranav Hospital. Accessible Population: It refers to the sum of instances which confirm to the designed standards and which is accessible to the research worker as the pool of topics or objects. In this survey the population consisted of kids acquiring admitted in Pranav Hospital who were undergoing endovenous canulation during the period of survey. Sample: Harmonizing to Polit and Beck. , ( 2004 ) sampling is the procedure of choosing a part of population to stand for the full population. Sample is the subset of population elements. In this survey the samples selected from kids of age group 3-6 old ages undergoing endovenous canulation in Pranav Hospital who fulfil the inclusion standards. Sampling TECHNIQUE AND SAMPLE SIZE Thomas. , ( 1990 ) defines trying is the procedure of choosing units for survey from a population. In this survey Purposive sampling technique was used to choose sample. Sample size was 20 for control group and 20 for experimental group. CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION Inclusion Standards: The topic was selected based on the preset standards, aˆ? Children between the age group of 3-6yrs. aˆ? Children who had admitted in pediatric ward for the intervention through endovenous canulation. Exclusion Standards: aˆ? Mentally challenged kids. aˆ? Children with critically sick or of exigency admittance. DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF TOOLS The instrument selected in research must be vechile that obtain best informations for pulling decision to the survey. ( Treece and Treece, 1986 ) The tool developed based on the information gathered from relevant literature reappraisal. The content cogency of the demographic informations and independent variable was established by obtaining sentiment from 5 experts ( 3 Nursing experts and 2 Medical experts ) . Tool -1: Demographic informations: It includes age in old ages, gender, behavioral response to endovenous canulation of the kid. Demographic information of the instrument was non scored but used for descriptive analysis. Tool-2: Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale: This evaluation graduated table is recommended for kids of ages 3and older. It consists of mark 0,2,4,6,8,10. During the clip of endovenous canulation the facial look of the kid was assessed by the research worker with this hurting graduated table. Face 0-no injury, Face 2-hurts merely a small spot, Face 4-hurts a little more, Face 6-hurts even more, Face 8-hurts a whole batch, Face 10-hurt every bit much as we can conceive of. Based on the hiting the hurting degree was assessed. Development of curative drama for direction of painful processs: A curative drama on direction of painful processs was prepared to diminish the degree of hurting during endovenous canulation. The stuffs used were venflon without stillet, plaster, stuffed doll with endovenous injection site, splint. The presentation was done by the research worker utilizing the needed stuffs and so the kid was allowed to pattern the endovenous canulation for the doll. This method was done before making endovenous canulation to the kid by the staff nurse. VALIDITY OF THE TOOL AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The content was validated by the same 5 experts who validated the tool ( demographic variable ) and independent variable as per the standard. Harmonizing to experts suggestions the necessary images were included in the independent variable. It was translated in Tamil and once more retranslated in English by the linguistic communication experts severally. PILOT STUDY: Pilot survey is the little scale version or a trail tally done in readying for major survey. ( Polit and Hungler, 1999 ) The Pilot survey was conducted in SKS Hospital at Salem. After acquiring the written permission from concerned authorization, researcher conducted survey from 4.08.2010 to 11.08.2010 among kids who underwent endovenous canulation. The intent of the survey was explained to the samples and their parent every bit good as written consent was obtained from them. The entire size was 2 for control group and 2 for experimental group. Purposive sampling technique was used for sample choice. For the control group without giving intercession, the degree of hurting was assessed. A concise information analysis done by utilizing descriptive and illative statistics. The consequence of the survey showed the average station trial degree of hurting for control group as 90 % and for experimental group as 50 % . After that the ‘t ‘ value was calculated to happen out the important difference between the degree of hurting for control group and experimental group at P lt ; 0.05 degree of significance. No important difference was seen between the control group and experimental group. No association was found between station trial degree of hurting and their age, gender and behavioral response of the kid. Since the sample size was merely 2 for control group and 2 for the experimental group. so the survey was non found as important in ‘t ‘ trial and chi-square trial. DATACOLLECTION PROCEDURE: Harmonizing to Polit and Hungler. , ( 1999 ) , â€Å" Data aggregation is the assemblage of information needed to turn to a research job † . Data aggregation for the survey was done from 18.08.2010 to 05.09.2010 in Pranav Hospital at Salem. Initially the research worker got the permission from the concerned authorization. Then the population were identified from the kids who have got admitted in the infirmary were selected by utilizing purposive sampling technique based on the inclusion standards. The sample size was 20 kids as control group and 20 as experimental group and the intent of the survey was explained to the samples and their parent every bit good as willingness to take part was assured by taking written consent of the parent of each sample and giving confidence for maintaining their information confidentially. At first the control group was selected and no intercession was given. On the twenty-four hours of admittance the hurting degree was assessed, during endovenous canulation by utilizing Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. After the control group got finished, the experimental group was selected by purposive sampling technique. On day-1, after the kid got admitted, the parents and the kid were introduced by the research worker. The intercession on curative drama given. A particular room was provided to them in the presence of playthings. The research worker clearly explained and taught about the curative drama by utilizing a stuffed doll and the other needful stuffs. The research worker demonstrated the curative drama. Then the research worker made the kid to pattern the endovenous canulation on the doll by doing an unreal endovenous canulation site utilizing a venflon without stillet. After the intercession the research worker identified that the kid got relaxation from the emphasis of hospitalization. The continuance of the intercession was 20 proceedingss. After the intercession the kid was made to be ready for endovenous canulation. The endovenous canulation was done by the staff nurse. The post-test degree of hurting was assessed during the endovenous canulation by utilizing the same tool. Plan FOR DATA ANALYSIS Collected informations were planned for analysis by utilizing the frequence distribution, descriptive ststistics ( mean, SD, average mark per centum ) and illative statistics ( pupil ‘t ‘ trial, Chi-square trial ) .This was done to happen out the effectivity of curative drama degree of hurting among kids who underwent endovenous canulation. Summary This chapter dealt with the methodological analysis of how the research worker had planned and organized for the informations aggregation, the method of hiting and description of tool, pilot survey, informations aggregation process and program for informations analysis. How to cite Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Play Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Systems Engineering and Project Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Systems Engineering and Project Management. Answer: Systems Engineering and Project Management System engineer and project manager establishes a relationship and encompasses technical as well as managerial leadership of the project between them. It requires enterprise of the project manager as well as system engineer to work out on specific details of the context of project management. There is a significant overlap among scope of the system engineering and project management. Good relationship between system engineer and project manager describes an importance to understand scope of the work, how to plan the project activities, how to manage the efforts for reducing risk and how to deliver services to the customers. Within a complex project, the system engineer is concerned about project planning, monitoring, reducing risk and delivering of technical aspects while the project manager is concerned about all project activities (Kerzner 2013). Due to those concerns, there is tension among roles of project manager and system engineer on the project work. Effective interaction among the project manager as well as system engineer is required for achieving the project goals and objectives. Proper communication helps to establish good relationship among them for forming good relationships. Reallocation of resources, change of project schedule, changes into system and risk changes are discussed among manager as well as engineer. Therefore, a good relationship among system engineer and project manager is a solution to get success into complex projects (Nicholas and Steyn 2017). They distribute of equal workload among them so that the project is successful and there are no delay into the work. It is required to maintain a better daily project performance. References Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017.Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis.

Steam Engine Essays - Piston Engines, Steam Engines, Compound Engine

Steam Engine The steam engine was an engine powered by steam. It provided an important source of power independently. The steam engine played a major role in manufacturing and transportation during the Industrial Revolution. The challenge of improving the steam engine was the beginning of the science of thermodynamics. The steam engine was a very important invention. ?Steam can be made at any time simply by boiling water, so it is more dependable than wind or water energy? (Norbeck 34-36). The heating and cooling of steam in cylinder causes pistons to move up and down. The simplest of a steam engine is used as a boiler. This was a common household heating system. The efficiency of the steam engine was very low; there fore they were later replaced by steam turbines. The first piston engine was invented in 1690 by a French inventor named Denis Papin and was used for pumping water. ?Why not find a way to use heat energy? (Garrat 12). It had a single cylinder that operated as a boiler; a small amount of water was added and heated to form steam. The steam raised the piston in the cylinder, after it was raised the heat was removed, the steam condensed and the air pressure on the upper side forced the piston down. In 1705 Thomas Newcomen invented the first practical steam engine. Steam operates the engine by a slide directing steam from on one side of the piston to the other. As the piston moves, the piston rod turns the flywheel half a turn. The steam engine doesn't create power, I t uses steam to change heat energy released by burning fuel into mechanical energy. Steam engines are considered to be external combustion engine because, the fuel is burned outside of the cylinders. An example of internal combustion engine is an automobile. The power is provided by the rapid burning of gasoline inside the cylinders, which is ignited by the spark plug. The explosion inside the cylinder wall causes the pistion to go down and turning a shaft. Thomas Newcomen invented the first steam engine in 1705 although it wasn't very efficient; it was used for pumping water for coal mines. James Watt improved Newcomen's engine in the 1760's. He produced the first type of double acting engine. ?One after another hand operations were replaced by machines? (Lipkin). In a compound engine, steam in high pressure is used in one cylinder and then, after it has expanded and lessened in pressure, it is piped to another cylinder, in which it expands further. The first compound engine used a two-cylinder type but later other types of compound engines used triple and even quadruple cylinders. The advantage of compounding two or more cylinders is that less energy is lost in heating the cylinder walls, as a result, the engine is more efficient. Further improvements to the steam engine lead to the uniflow engine. The piston itself is a valve, and the cylinder remains at a constant temperature while operating. In the uniflow engine steam moves in only one direction, it has two inlet ports and one outlet port. This was a large engine, and was used mainly in big operations; it also was a very expensive engine compared to other engines. This type of engine was a very efficient use of high-pressure steam. Steam turbines produce a rotary motion; it works the same way as a water turbine, except its energy comes from expanding steam. It turns a set of main rotating blades on a wheel. Steam turbines rotate very fast and have no vibrations, unlike the back and forth motion of pistons. Steam engines work great in steam ships, and electric power plants. The flywheel turns at the end of the piston shaft. It was made of heavy metal cast-iron, so it helped eliminate power surges to the generator and, also provides a uniform flow of power. Since the steam engine was invented we have came along way with engines. Now we are making power by nuclear power plants and things have become much more industrialized. We are always looking for new ideas and ways to improve energy efficiency. Science Essays

Conjugate Base - Chemistry Definitions Terms

Conjugate Base - Chemistry Definitions Terms Conjugate Base Definition The Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory includes the concepts of conjugate acids and conjugate bases. When an acid dissociates into its ions in water, it loses a hydrogen ion. The species that is formed is the acids conjugate base. A more general definition is that a conjugate base is the base member, X-, of a pair of compounds that transform into each other by gaining or losing a proton. The conjugate base is able to gain or absorb a proton in a chemical reaction. The conjugate acid donates the proton or hydrogen in the reaction. In an acid-base reaction, the chemical reaction is: Acid Base â‡Å' Conjugate Base Conjugate Acid Key Takeaways: Conjugate Base Conjugate acids and bases are part of the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.According to this theory, the species that donates a hydrogen cation or proton in a reaction is a conjugate acid, while the remaining portion or the one that accepts a proton or hydrogen is the conjugate base.The conjugate base may be recognized as an anion. Conjugate Base Examples The  general chemical reaction between a conjugate acid and a conjugate base is: HX H2O ↔ X− H3O In an acid-base reaction, you can recognize the conjugate base because it is an anion. For hydrochloric acid (HCl), this reaction becomes: HCl H2O ↔ Cl− H3O Here, the chloride anion, Cl−, is the conjugate base. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 forms two conjugate bases as hydrogen ions are successively removed from the acid: HSO4- and SO42-.

Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy - Essay Example Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy or Muscular dystrophy- Duchenne type is an X-linked neuromuscular disorder of muscle caused by an absence of the protein dystrophin. DMD was named in recognition of Dr. G. Duchenne de Boulogne from France around 150 years ago. He was the first person to attribute the signs and symptoms to a distinct familial disease entity. The gene responsible for it is DMD gene which is known to be the largest gene encoding the muscle protein, dystrophin the discovery of this gene was made around 20 years ago. Dystrophin provides structural stability to the dystroglycan complex (DGC) present on the cell membrane as it attaches with the inner surface of the muscle fiber membrane. A mutation in the DMD gene residing in Xp21 region of the X-chromosome, hampers the production of dystrophin protein causing progressive loss of muscle function and weakness (Partridge, 2007). It starts with the lower limbs and gradually covers the entire musculature. DMD is rapidly progressing form of muscular dystrophy affecting male with a frequency of 1 in 3500 infants (Chamberlain, 2006). It is observed that the affected boys start manifesting symptoms of disease early in life usually before 5 years of age. They become powerless and are unable to walk and are restricted to wheel chair during their late childhood or early teen years. Patients usually develop various complications related with respiratory insufficiency and/ or cardiomyopathy as the disease progresses. Death occurs at by late teen age or in the early twenties (Chamberlin, 2006). It is essential to provide appropriate treatment to overcome the basic genetic defect, either through medical, surgical, and rehabilitative approaches to make the patient comfortable (Sussman, 2002). Symptoms Before the age of 6 years symptoms start becoming obvious, although they are visible in early infancy. There are three clinical stages: an ambulatory stage, an early nonambulatory stage, and a late nonambulatory stage. Ambulatory Stage- This is between two and four years of age, at this stage, symptoms start appearing. Symptoms show weakness of forward head flexion and a inadequate capability to sit up persist beyond infancy leading to poor motor development, deficient memory skills and they gradually reduce their ability to cope with their peers both physically and mentally. Heel cord and elbow flexion contractures are also apparent. In rare cases, obstructive sleep apnea also develops along with facial soiling. The ECG readings show- Q waves leads in the lateral precordial while tall R and deep S waves leads in early precordial (Chamberlain, 2006). If glucocorticoids are not given then by the age of nine years, the child starts lacking ability to rise from supine to standing position and to climb stairs or arise from a chair and are able to ambulate with braces. Early Nonambulatory Stage- This stage is between 10 and 12 years, the patient becomes dependent on wheel chair and flexion contractures at the ankle and elbow becomes more obvious. In this stage aquatic therapy may slow the progression. The dependency on wheel chair develops scoliosis and the patient needs orthopedic consultation along with radiological evaluation. The average strength of the patient starts declining at the age of 9 years. Late Nonambulatory Sta

Comparison of Tate Modern and Saatchi Gallery Essay

Comparison of Tate Modern and Saatchi Gallery - Essay Example The essay "Comparison of Tate Modern and Saatchi Gallery" compares two galleries and analyzes success and failure of them. Saatchi Gallery on the other hand, failed mainly due to poor choice of locations and art displays, inadequate architectural design and conversion of former industrial buildings.The Tate Modern gallery was constructed in a building that was formerly a disused power station. The designer of the original Bankside station was Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and it was built between 1947 and 1963. The western half of the structure was built with a chimney in 1952, while the eastern part of the building started operations in 1963. The power station was closed in 1981 as oil prices rose, because it was no longer economical to generate electricity through this method. Tate got an option on the site in 1981, which it exercised in 1994 and during this period, the building continued to remain unoccupied. Tate however, saw the potential in the now redundant Bankside power station; i t offered several advantages such as an enormous building with a large amount of available space, an architecturally superior construction proximity to historical sites such as St. Paul’s Cathedral and the rebuilt Globe theatre. The process of creating Tate Modern started in May 1994, when the Tate gallery in London Announced that it would be creating a huge new gallery for the specific purpose of exhibiting modern international works of art. As Sabbagh points out, the project appeared to be doomed.

Innovation And Risk At Heathrow Terminal Five Construction Essay

Innovation And Risk At Heathrow Terminal Five Construction Essay This study of the Heathrow Terminal 5 (T5) examines how innovation, risk and uncertainty were managed within a distinct megaproject depicting joint uncertainties encountered during the life-span of the T5s project. The paper intends to provide an understanding of how organizations react to risk and uncertainty by merging and matching routines and innovation. It demonstrates how approach to risk and uncertainty are formed by the contractual framework in hefty multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ party projects. The paper attends to a gap in the literature of risk and uncertainty is management to deliver innovation in large-scale megaprojects. Megaprojects are infamous for high chance of failure that typically induces organizational strategies for risk avoidance. Yet tactics for managing risk and uncertainty are crucial to the practices and innovation that prevail over the challenges of effectively delivering largeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ scale, complex projects. The likelihood of a fifth terminal at Heathrow appeared as early as 1982, when there was question of whether to extend Stansted or extend Heathrow (backed by BA). BAA officially publicized its proposal for T5 in May 1992, presenting a formal planning application on 17 February 1993. A public inquiry into the proposals commenced on 16 May 1995 and lasted nearly four years. In conclusion, more than eight years after the initial preparation application, on 20 November 2001 the British government took the decision to fund planning permission for the construction of a fifth passenger terminal at Heathrow. Heathrow Terminal 5 was planned as the base for all British Airways domestic and international flights. It was designed for handling 30 million passengers annually; its design is compatible with the biggest airliner in the world presently, the airbus A380. T5 is spread over 260 hectors, which house large four storey terminal building and a satellite building. Both the facilities are connected via an underground mover transit system. Other airport infrastructure includes a 4,000 space multi storey car park, a big hotel and an 87 meter tall air traffic control tower. T5 is linked by road to the neighboring M25, an underground railway station with branches of the Heathrow Express and the London Undergrounds Piccadilly Line provides fast transportation to and from central London (Doherty, 2008) PROJECT LIFE CYCLE The series of decisions shaping British Airports Authoritys (BAA) approach to innovation and risk management on T5 will be discussed in brief and viewed against the T5 projects life cycle. Define Planning Design and Organize Construction and Control Closing and Integration into airport operations PROJECT SCOPE (DEFINE STAGE) Heathrow Terminal 5 project is a representation of a megaproject, incorporating enormous investments in buildings, systems, technology and human processes. The project was a mammoth project in many aspects, from the time-span of the project to the actual magnitude of construction and the complex combination of services that were to be commissioned during the life-span of the project. The increasing need for more flights and the present airports reaching their capacity of efficient operations was the main reason behind the initiation of this project. as naturally understood by the nature of the project the project charter was the British government through British Airports Authoritys (BAA), BAA was the driving force behind the execution of this mega project and they worked through many suppliers and contractors. Dividing the projects work into many sub-projects (NAO, 2005). General Project Info (Source: Doherty, 2008) Cost  £ 4.3 Billion Start of Construction Summer of 2002 Estimated Customer Handling Annually 30 Million PLANNING PHASE The project received the go ahead for construction in 2001 after a long lasting planning which began in 1986. The planning was delayed due to a historically long enquiry lasting from 1995 to 1999; the enquiry resulted in about 700 restrictions on the project including the rerouting of two rivers to meet the stringent environmental requirements. 30th March 2008 was set as the project opening date in 2001 and a budget of  £4.3 billion was established in 2003. In the planning phase, BAA primed, developed and cultured the approach that would be utilized in the delivering of the project. Due to the high importance and the involvement of many risk factors, it was determined that the project director should take up a position on the companys main Board. So the delivering of regular project progress reports from planning through design and construction to commissioning and the acquiring of the resources and high level support needed in overcoming any problems hindering its progression can be easily handled. Planned Terminal Dimensions (Source: Doherty, 2008) Terminal 5 A 396m (long) X 176m (wide) X 40m (high) Terminal 5 B 442m (long) X 52m (wide) X 19.5m (high) Size of Terminal 5 Site 260 Ha Cark Parking Space 3800 Spaces DESIGN PHASE The major design activity started in 1989, with the design of the main building. A large integrated project tram was formed comprising of architects and designers to work with BAA. The work on the design drawing went on during the projects construction phase, to address issues like the adaptation of the airport facilities to the new A 380 airliner. FORESIGHT IN DESIGN PHASE When in the design stage there are important considerations about not just designing a facility that caters to the current requirements, but also caters to the projected requirements of the future and in the case of case of such massive projects, the design foresight is not just for the near future. What will travelling through Heathrow Airport be like in the next century? Will we still have to wait in queues? Will we still be travelling as frequently as today or just use virtual travel? Over  £1million a day is spent by BAA on building sections of airport and a comparable sum on retaining and developing them. The buildings will be there for decades so we want to make sure that they will answer to tomorrows needs. The Airports of the Future will be a reaction to the characteristics of the future and these are tangled and inter-reliant: ASPECT EXAMPLES Environment climate, resources, pollution, noise Technology communications, users interfaces, intelligent buildings, materials Future Society global politics, (de)regulation, security, tax, welfare, culture Future Business globalization, supply chains, retail, money, employment patterns Future Passengers demographics, lifestyles, expectations Future Aviation alliances, aircraft developments, market segmentation, congestion During this phase, Norman Haste, T5s first Project Director, stressed that many large projects fail due to the lack of investment in the design: this is when you achieve your biggest wins. Youre never going to achieve them during the construction phase. To permit digital harmonization of design as well as the integration and testing of components during the construction phase, single model environment (SME) was developed. The SME was a real-time CAD system which enabled a virtual environment and allowed the visualization of the designed elements and entities. This greatly assisted in the decisions to move forward in construction. (Yin, 2004) CONSTRUCTION PHASE The activities were divided into two phases of construction. The infrastructure and buildings were constructed from July 2001 to March 2008 and from January 2006 to March 2008 the integration of systems and the retail fit-out was carried out. RECRUITMENT AND TASK DIVISION The project manager divided the construction phase into the following four activities: Buildings Rails Tunnels Infrastructure Systems 300 highly trained and experienced group of skilled workers were put under a small team of senior managers of BAA. The responsibility of 16 major projects and 147 sub-projects was shared by these teams. The value of these projects ranged from  £1m. These groups were responsible for 16 major projects and 147 sub projects, with the smallest valued at  £1m ranging to  £300m. (Wolstenholme, 2008) CLOSING PHASE INTEGRATION INTO AIRPORT OPERATIONS Over three years were spent in preparation of the systems, people and processes before the opening. The last six months were spent in testing and trials, simulating 72 real operational situation testing involving about 2500 test subjects. In spite of being completely aware of the potential risks that could arise at opening and the extensive simulation testing prior to the opening the BAA BA team was unable to prevent the major complexities arising at the commencement service. The initial five days of service saw misplacement of 20,000 bags and cancellation 501 flights, sustaining $31m in costs. The first full schedule of operations was achieved after 12 days of opening. MANAGING RISK AND UNCERTAINTY Formal contracts are formed to manage risk and uncertainty in a project the basis of these contracts take shape from past experiences and assessments. BA realized this during planning that the scale and complexity of the T5 project demanded a new approach as many uncertainties could not be predestined. BAA recognized that a standard commercial agreement would not be suitable. To recognize, isolate and deal with risks BAA had to develop a contractual approach which cultivated a routine-driven culture and attitude whilst leaving space for flexibility when dealing with random or unplanned events. (Done, 2008) It was concluded that a desired outcome can only be achieved by rewriting the rule book; they created a new type of agreement which was based on two fundamental principles: The client bears the risk The client works collaboratively with contractors in integrated project teams. RISK BEARING The agreements of the T5 projects were a form of cost-plus incentive contracts, in which the incurred costs on the contractors are reimbursed by the client; additionally the contractor is rewarded for exceptional performance with a cut from the profit margin. The risks are shared between the contractor and the client in other forms of cost-incentive contracts but in T5 contracts BAA assumed full liability for the risk. (Done, 2008) INTEGRATED PROJECT TEAMS Incorporated project teams were created at the beginning of the planning inquiry to build the general plan of the facility. T5s construction was considered as a string of consumer products delivered by teams. The intention was a creation a virtually integrated supply chain composed of incorporated project teams under the lead of BAA staff, consultants, contractors or other organizations. The agreements did not state the work to be carried out by first tier suppliers; instead it was an obligation from suppliers to provide competence when and where it was required on the project. This method allowed BAA access to competent individuals with the competencies and experience to carry out the detailed tasks, irrespective of the needs of their head organization. The formation of virtual teams eliminated the chances of the risks from being transferred to a sole supplier and didnt allow a single supplier to be held responsible for any letdown in achieving projects objectives. The teams were anticipated to work in cooperation with each other towards accomplishing project objectives by solving problems and acting on any experience gained, instead of pointing fingers at others for any failure in the pursuit of commercial advantage. BALANCING ROUTINES AND INNOVATION The T5 case demonstrates that in projects of huge magnitude the risks and uncertainties can by no means be fully eradicated, but careful and extensive planning can reduce the chance of unfavorable outcomes or provide a mechanism or a list of actions to be taken in-case of an unexpected occurrence. However, when megaprojects run into unidentified problems or emerging events as they eventfully always do a well-prepared or pre-planned reaction is not sufficient at all times. Sometimes fresh or distinctive solutions must be found to prevail over the barriers in progress. Therefore, managing risk and uncertainty in megaprojects entails in finding a well thought-out balance between executing routines and supporting innovation. This is expressed as a trade-off between developing the capability to exploit repetitive processes to cope with risks, whilst being able to explore and implement customized solutions when unexpected events take place. (Shenhar, 2007) ROUTINES The scale, regularity and obviousness of actions performed on a project provide opportunities to develop recursive and stable project and operational processes. These routines that are planned in a illicit order, cut down into core repetitive responsibilities, based on homogeneous design modules and components and frequently repeated processes. Practices must be formulated to cope with basic risks that could obstruct the advancement of the whole project. INNOVATION In a lot of cases, however unforeseen troubles and opportunities to perk up performance cannot be taken care of by resorting back to an existing inventory of routines. Such situations can be so unanticipated or odd that they entail new and ground-breaking ways of solving them to attain or surpass their performance objectives. Our research identified two levels of organizational flexibility and innovative capability in response to uncertainty: The overall project Sub-project levels THE OVERALL PROJECT A main uncertainty which can prove to be threatening to the projects progress, demands a response from the projects senior management or clients organization. When the Heathrow Express project grinded to a halt to a standstill due to a collapsed tunnel a resolution was made possible as the clients project directors and managers enjoyed the liberty to put into practice and adjust the cost-reimbursable approach based on the past experience gained from the Glaxco research facility. SUB-PROJECT LEVELS A big project is time and again carried out as a plan divided into major projects and sub-projects. As comprised of LOR and Mott MacDonald, managers responsible for an individual project within a larger program need the independence and liberty to draft solutions to troubles or occurrences that they come across. Our research recognized quite a few other cases of integrated project teams operating innovatively around issues that stalled progress specific sub-projects within the overall T5 main project, for example the use of digital modeling and construction of buildings and facilities, including air traffic control tower, airside road tunnel and main terminal roof. FAILURES BAGGAGE SYSTEM FAILURE The baggage handling system installed at T5 is the largest baggage handling system in Europe installed at any single terminal. There are two systems; a main a main baggage sorter and a fast track system. An integrated team from the system was designed by an integrated team of BAA, BA and Vanderlande Industries of the Netherlands, the system handles both intra-terminal and inter-terminal luggage and has the capacity to process 70,000 bags per day. Automatic identification, explosives screening, fast tracking for urgent bags, sorting and automatic sorting and passenger reconciliation are the processes the system performs as it handles the baggage. On the opening the system failed and the initial five days of service saw misplacement of 20,000 bags and cancellation 501 flights, sustaining $31m in costs. The first full schedule of operations was achieved after 12 days of opening. On investigation it was discovered that the cause of problem was the dissimilarity of the staff with the new system, although there was a lot of time and time and money invested in the training of the staff, emphasis on training was also huge due to the complexity of the system. Still the results were unfavorable and costs were faced due the failure (HCTC, 2008). CONCLUSION Big projects demonstrate low innovation and high risk, although the success of such projects depends of increasing the innovation and reducing risk factors, a clear identification of risks and uncertainties is needed to find equilibrium between the routines and the innovation. Responsiveness to react to unforeseen events is greatly reduced if the focus is more on the routines and on the other hand focusing on just innovation lead to less control oriented environment leading to chaos. Our objective has been to scrutinize the affects of the contractual framework in the Terminal 5 project, on the balance of innovation and routines. Economists and Lawyers would take up dissimilar point of views, but focus is neither on economic consequences and choices nor with legal construction and interpretation. We are more focused on analyzing the strategy of an organization during the complete life span of the project, which mitigates the risks and uses innovation to achieve project objectives. We have established that the contractual framework is vital in finding an appropriate balance between innovation and routines. Megaprojects need routines to address risks and create a room for innovation to deal with uncertainty. Routines generate a consistency of approach such as the CIPP, T5 Project Delivery Handbook, and progressive design fixity to address risks recognized before project execution. However, predefined and planned routines are not enough to cope with unusual events or incidents, not previously acknowledged during the planning stage. A megaproject must keep scope for deviation and innovation as a reaction to such uncertainty. In the T5 case the contract provided a framework for a deliberative process and opted for the resolution to problems with and between suppliers to address unexpected problems. Organizations and managers accountable for the whole project and sub-projects had the self-sufficiency, elasticity and space to search experiment and put into practice exclusive solutions to unanticipated problems encountered during the life-cycle of the project.

Book Review on Sanchar Mimamsa

Book: Sanchar Mimamsa Author: Nirmala Mani Adhikary Publication: Media Educators Association of Nepal Pages: 33 Date of publication: 2068(2011 AD) â€Å"Sanchar Mimamsa† composed by Nirmala Mani Adhikary puts forth communication Studies and process from the perspectives of vaidika Hindu amid western theories and models of communication. The book brings to light,’Sadharanikaran theory and model as per propounded by Adhikary himself. It is quite unique and interesting, reading theories in verses. The theory and model have been described in Jhyaure laya.We all know, communication was an indispensible practice since we came into an existence. Though unfortunately and fortunately, it was twentieth century, a communication study was accounted as a discipline. Communication studies though, are rooted back to ages back, according to the Vedic Hindu perspective. Sadharanikaran is rooted back to 4th BC. The theory was illumined once again after J. S Yadava and I. P Tiwari brought Sadharanikaran into limelight around 1980s. Adhikary, who continued his research on the theory, came up with a model in 2003. Sanchar Mimamsa’ is all about Sadharanikaran and its elements and goal of attaining sahridayata, ultimate goal on Sadharanikaran process. Sadharanikaran as a process is an asymmetrical process, where senders and receivers become sahridayas, directed to attain sahridayata, thus establishing mutual understanding between them. Sahridayata as a concept is a state of â€Å"common orientation, commonality or oneness† where senders and receivers’ ultimate goal is to make Sadharanikaran process successful or to become one in communication process.Sanchar Mimamsa is classified into 3 parts while verses are divided into 5 parts. First one puts forth the possibility of getting problem solved. Through communications, not merely human, also animals and other creatures involve in communication in pursuance of life and peace. Second part affirms the si gnificance of theories and model in communication studies. Unfortunately, the world’s walking on merely western theories and models instead of executing one’s self culturally relative studies. Nevertheless, after the initiation of duo scholar, Tiwari and Yadava,Sadharanikaran came into limelight. It has its root in Natyashastra by Bhartrihari and is identified with Bhattanayaka. Elements of Sadharanikaran process are sahridayas(senders and receivers), Bhava(moods), Abhivyanjana( expression or encoding),sandesha(message or information), Sarani(channel), rasaswadan (deals with achieving the rasa), doshas(noises), sandarva(context) and finally pratikriya( process of feedback). Sahridayata is ultimate goal of the whole process of Sadharanikaran, in which sender and receiver become one, and where feedback is no more necessary.The communication models in the west usually weigh on sender while, Sadharanikaran process puts an end to differences between senders and receivers, u ltimately they become one. Sadharanikaran process is different to other or west’s models in terms of structure. It is a non linear model where mutual understanding is possible. It is a broad notion that is able to deal with all three dimensions of life: adhibhautika(physical), adhidaibhika(Mental) and adhyatmika(spiritual). Moreover The model also apprehends communication competent enough to achieve all of the purushartha chatustayas i. artha, kama, dharma and moksha. Final and fifth part sets forth, the solution to the conflict ongoing in the world via attaining sahridayata. Thus Adhikary argues sadharanikaran process can be a solution to put an end to disastrous conflict ongoing among the countries. It also has envisioned ’sanchar vidha’, communication sector, as a mean for attaining ‘Moksha’, the final goal of life according to Hindu perspective. Verses are followed by second and third part of the book in which Sadharanikaran theory and model are described and summarized.The book is distinct as it narrates whole theory and model in verses but the success of the book lies on rasaswadana of the sandesha encompassed in the book. Not only the Sadharanikaran theory but whole communication field is described from Hindu point of view, a significant step in communication studies in the world, other than westernized studies. On the other hand, the uniqueness of the book i. e. verses have also limited itself to a certain audience, those who are keenly interested in traditional verses.But the second and third part exempts audiences from this limitation and even language barrier has been considered. Descriptions are available in both Nepali and English. Though Sadharanikaran theory and model is new in studies the process isn’t new to us. If we can embody the process in our daily activities, ultimately we become able to manage conflicts and attaining moksha is also possible. This is how the book ‘Sanchar Mimamsa’ has represented the beauty of Sadharanikaran theory and model in simpler and few words.

Why Shift Attention To Second Generation Biofuels Environmental Sciences Essay

Second coevals biofuels are made from biomass-to-liquid engineerings, specifically cellulosic ethyl alcohol and Fischer-Tropsch gasification, and are intended to utilize lignocellulosic biomass. These engineerings are non by now commercially accessible. A figure of companies submit to some agro-fuel engineerings utilizing already bing provender stocks like palm oil or rapeseed oil as ‘second coevals ‘ like Neste Oil ‘s NExBTL Diesel, that consumes hard-hitting hydrogenation of fatty acids.Shift FROM FIRST GENERATION TO SECOND GENERATION BIO FUELSMany of the issues linked with 1st-generation biofuels can be sought out by the devising of biofuels which are manufactured from agricultural and forest left over ‘s and besides from non-food harvest provender stocks. Ligno-cellulosic feedstock is formed from specializer energy harvests grown on cultivable land, and at that place rather a few apprehensivenesss remain over viing land usage, although energy end products are expected to be high than if harvests grown for 1st-generation biofuels are produced on the same dirt. Additionally hapless quality land could besides possibly be utilized by the usage of 2nd coevals bio fuels.FEED STOCK YIELD AND ESTIMATION OF LAND AREA NEEDED[ 3 ] As we can see the tabular array gives us informations of the output of provender stock that is used for the production of 2nd coevals bio fuels, and besides the land that might be required for the sum of output. These 2nd-generation biofuels are relatively immature so they must hold all right potency for cost decreases and greater than before production efficiency degrees as more clip is base on ballss and research is done. Having an influence slightly from the future oil monetary values, they are likely to go an component of the solution to the job of traveling conveyance sector to the side of more sustainable energy resources. However, cardinal proficient and economic obstructions have still to come before they can be widely deployed. [ 4 ] Feedstock used by 2nd coevals engineerings include and their output is besides shown in the undermentioned tabular array: Dedicated agricultural production ( miscanthus, grass, etc. ) Agricultural production wastes ( straw, leaves, chaffs, etc. ) Dedicated forestry production ( wood ) A forestry and wood industry wastes ( subdivisions, sawdust, etc. ) Other wood residues, green wastes, portion of family waste, etc. Low-cost harvests, forest residues, wood procedure wastes, and organic fraction of the municipal solid wastes may all be utilized as ligno-cellulosic provender stocks. In the topographic points where these stuffs are gettable, production of biofuels should be made possible with practically no auxiliary land demands or consequence on nutrient and fibre harvest production. Though in a batch of parts these sorts of remains and waste provender stocks might hold unequal handiness, and therefore turning of vegetive grasses will be indispensable as options.BIO FUEL PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICSHarvesting, treating, and presenting large volumes of biomass feedstock, with a needful quality, for whole of the twelvemonth, to a biofuels production works needs cautious logistical survey predating the investing in the works and its building. The program must be to cut down production cost, the cost of reaping and the cost of conveyance. Besides it should guarantee the economic feasibleness of the undertaking. This job is often insufficiently thought of when sing 2nd-generation options. The devising of biofuels utilizing ligno-cellulosic provender stocks may be done through 2 wholly separate fabrication paths. They include the undermentioned. biochemical – where enzymes and other micro-organisms convert cellulose and hemicelluloses mechanism of the provender stocks to sugars earlier to their agitation to do ethyl alcohol Thermo-chemical – for which gasification engineerings result in a synthesis gas ( CO + H2 ) through which a immense assortment of long C concatenation biofuels can be made. For illustration man-made Diesel The mentioned are non merely types or waies to the production of 2nd coevals biofuels, assorted researches are traveling on for others and betterments. They can do biofuels points like those which are produced via the cardinal waies or others which include di-methyl quintessence, methyl alcohol, etc.ECONIMICS OF BIO FUELSOn the footing of programs of assorted organisations the development of 2nd coevals biofuels initial full commercial-scale operation will likely get down by 2012. A little piece of informations demoing figures related to production of 2nd coevals can be seen in table 1. [ 1 ] Another major difference among biochemical and thermo-chemical paths comes to be that lignin constituent is a remnant of the enzymatic hydrolysis and therefore may be utilized for power coevals or possibly warming every bit good.BIO FUEL ENERGY BALANCENormally enzyme hydrolysis can be predictable to do up to 300 cubic decimeter ethyl alcohol / dry metric ton of biomass whereas the other path could bring forth like 200 cubic decimeter of man-made Diesel as shown in Table 2 [ 1 ] . There is an about same output in footings of the energy which is approx 6.5 GJ/t biofuels is since man-made Diesel has a larger value of energy denseness in comparative to volume than ethyl alcohol. Another chief thing that is different comes to be that biochemical waies produce ethyl alcohol in comparing to the thermo-chemical way which may be used to do a assortment of longer-chain hydrocarbons utilizing the synthesis gas.Technologies USEDCellulosic ethyl alcohol: This technique uses more energy than it really intends to do. Thus, sing usage and the end product consequences of energy it performs worse than 1st coevals maize ethyl alcohol. The undermentioned diagram gives the schematic of such a production [ 5 ] . A PRACTICAL PROCESS BY WHICH CELLULOSE ETHANOL IS PRODUCED Fischer-Tropsch gasification: Fischer-Tropsch gasification is utilized largely to bring forth Diesel from coal. It is a highly energy thorough process that is at the minute non at all commercially executable. It is of inquiry that use of Fischer-Tropsch gasification on a bigger graduated table may raise dodo fuel emanations. Following is an image of first bio-refinery ( a ) that was setup [ 6 ] and a Fischer Tropsch Section in China ( B ) [ 6 ] . ( a ) Image of the 1st Bio-Refinery ( B ) Fischer Tropsch Section in China [ 7 ] Above is shown the schematic of a Fischer-Tropsch gasification procedure. This is non a concluding version of the procedure as new betterments are being done to this new engineering every twenty-four hours. But however a basic thought can be interpreted from this scheme.Outputs of Bio Fuel in FutureTo bring forth 2nd coevals biofuels a broad scope of feedstock might be utilized. In add-on, the energy required for the intent of agribusiness and feedstock production can be reduced to a great extent. In immense transition services 2nd coevals provender stocks are predictable to be aptly transformed to biofuels. But, even though a high hereafter prospective may be present, at the minute it is non up till now confirmed that 2nd coevals biofuels will be improved in public presentation energy-wise, economically and with regard to carbon. Following is an extract from the European enchiridion to which presents the use of 2nd coevals bio fuels over the coming old ages as expected [ 2 ] . SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND CO2 EMISSIONSAlternatively of utilizing dearly-won nutrient harvests to do the bio-crude, second-generation biofuels for illustration agricultural waste are used. Second-generation biofuels processs do n't hold any consequence on supplies of nutrients. But one positive point is that they are decidedly environmentally much better and sustainable than the 1st coevals biofuels. If they are wholly made commercial, these advanced biofuels engineering can easy reconstruct fossil fuels with locally made biofuels which can in bend have positive effects like: Decreasing the demand for crude oil that is imported Lowering the emanation of nursery gases therefore diminishing of CO2A content per twelvemonth Opening new occupations, countries of research and skills peculiarly on rural sides Second coevalss biofuels are non at the minute commercial because of their production engineerings being in the research and development stairss. Assortment of feed stocks may be utilized to bring forth biofuels including lignocelluloses. Second coevals biofuels are for illustration bioethanol coming from cellulosic stuff. The ‘Technology Roadmap ‘ given in the ‘Vision Report ‘ explains coming up of these biofuels in 3 stairss which are, bettering the engineerings that exist, research and development of 2nd coevals biofuels and research and development of bio-refinery thoughts.REFRENCES[ 1 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iea.org/papers/2008/2nd_Biofuel_Gen_Exec_Sum.pdf [ 2 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.compete-bioafrica.net/publications/publ/Biofuel_Technology_Handbook_version2_D5.pdf [ 3 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //ucanr.org/repository/cao/landingpage.cfm? article=ca.v063n04p191 & A ; fulltext=yes [ 4 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.etha-plus.ch/en/technique.html [ 5 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag? docid=145254590 [ 6 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //newenergyandfuel.com/http: /newenergyandfuel/com/2009/04/16/exploring-a-new-gasification-process/ [ 7 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //coalgasificationnews.com/tag/sasol/

Slavery and Freedom in William Shakespeare’s The Tempest...

Slavery and Freedom in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tempest† The subtly comedic interactions and juxtapositions between masters and slaves in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tempest† generate a question which has been the source of much controversy throughout history: are the hierarchical classifications â€Å"slave† and â€Å"free† reflections of a person’s fundamental nature, or are they social constructions based on bias and self-interest which have nothing to do with absolute truth? This question is crucial because the way that we answer it has the potential to either justify or condemn the widespread practice of enslaving certain individuals. A close look at Shakespeare’s portrayal of masters and slaves in this play suggests that although those†¦show more content†¦In the course of their scheming, Caliban advises Stephano and Trinculo to â€Å"Remember/ First to possess his books; for without them/ He’s but a sot, as I am; nor Hath one spirit to command: They all do hate him/ As rootedly as I† (3.2: 95-99). Caliban is claiming that Prospero’s power over him is not due to fundamentally superior intellectual capacity, but rather to privileged circumstances which have allowed him to acquire his books on sorcery. The fact that Caliban is under Prospero’s powers would logically give him first-hand information regarding these powers, and because honesty about this information could potentially further his goal of overthrowing Prospero while dishonesty could undermine it, he has no motivation to lie in this instance. For these reasons it seems logical to trust Caliban’s evaluation of Prospero here. This evaluation supports the argument that â€Å"slave† and â€Å"free† are separate social classifications rather than separate natures, since one’s circumstances are a product of chance and the framework of the social system one was born into rather than fundamental nature. Earlier in this scene we see that Prospero and Caliban also share very similar motivations. Caliban’s motivations are exposed when he is imploring Stephano to join him in his plot against Prospero: â€Å"I say by sorcery he got this isle; / From me he got it. If thy greatness will/Show MoreRelated Aime Cesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest1683 Words   |  7 PagesCesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Negritude, originally a literary and ideological movement of French-speaking black intellectuals, reflects an important and comprehensive reaction to the colonial situation of European colonization (Carlberg).   This movement, which influenced Africans as well as blacks around the world, specifically rejects the political, social, and moral domination of the West.  Ã‚   Leopold Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire are the three pioneersRead More tempcolon Confronting Colonialism and Imperialism in Aime Cesaires A Tempest1403 Words   |  6 PagesColonialism in A Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   A Tempest by Aime Cesaire is an attempt to confront and rewrite the idea of colonialism as presented in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.   He is successful at this attempt by changing the point of view of the story.   Cesaire transforms the characters and transposes the scenes to reveal Shakespeare’s Prospero as the exploitative European power and Caliban and Ariel as the exploited natives.   Cesaire’s A Tempest is an effective response to Shakespeare’s The Tempest because heRead More tempcolon Comparing Language in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest892 Words   |  4 PagesColonial Language in Shakespeares The Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and literature are the most subtle and seductive tools of domination. 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